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The Bible contains several texts which encourage, command, condemn, reward, punish, regulate and describe acts of violence. [10] [11]Leigh Gibson [who?] and Shelly Matthews, associate professor of religion at Furman University, [12] write that some scholars, such as René Girard, "lift up the New Testament as somehow containing the antidote for Old Testament violence".
Warfare represents a special category of biblical violence and is a topic the Bible addresses, directly and indirectly, in four ways: there are verses that support pacifism, and verses that support non-resistance; 4th century theologian Augustine found the basis of just war in the Bible, and preventive war which is sometimes called crusade has also been supported using Bible texts.
Evangelical imagery of spiritual warfare is derived from various parts of the Bible, particularly the Book of Revelation wherein the 'beasts' and 'kings of the earth' wage war against God's people (Revelation 19:19) after the War in Heaven (Revelation 12:7), sparking a final battle with Satan and earthly nations against God (Revelation 20:8). [10]
A religious war or a war of religion, sometimes also known as a holy war (Latin: sanctum bellum), is a war and conflict which is primarily caused or justified by differences in religion and beliefs. In the modern period , there are frequent debates over the extent to which religious, economic , ethnic or other aspects of a conflict are ...
Warfare represents a special category of biblical violence and is a topic the Bible addresses, directly and indirectly, in four ways: there are verses that support pacifism, and verses that support non-resistance; 4th century theologian Augustine found the basis of just war in the Bible, and preventive war which is sometimes called crusade has also been supported using Bible texts.
Jonathan Barker cited the Albigensian Crusade, launched by Pope Innocent III against followers of Catharism, as an example of Christian state terrorism. [15] The 20-year war led to an estimated one million casualties. [4] The Cathar teachings rejected the principles of material wealth and power as being in direct conflict with the principle of ...
These wars produced multiple massacres perpetrated by both sides. According to Mary Jane Engh's definition of religious persecution, which identifies it as "the repressive action initiated or condoned by authorities against their own people on religious grounds," it is not possible to term these acts of war as religious persecution. [151]
A Levite reading the Law to the Israelites. The Rambam famously rules that members of the tribe of Levi do not fight in the army. [3]Roots of Christian pacifism can be found in the scriptures of the Old Testament according to Baylor University professor of religion, John A. Wood. [4] Millard C. Lind explains the theology of warfare in ancient Israel as God directing the people of Israel to ...