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Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare metabolic disorder affecting the production of heme resulting from a deficiency of the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase. It is the most common of the acute porphyrias. [1] [2] [3]
The most well-known health issue involving porphobilinogen deaminase is acute intermittent porphyria, an autosomal dominant genetic disorder where insufficient hydroxymethylbilane is produced, leading to a build-up of porphobilinogen in the cytoplasm. This is caused by a gene mutation that, in 90% of cases, causes decreased amounts of enzyme.
Porphyria / p ɔːr ˈ f ɪr i ə / is a group of disorders in which substances called porphyrins build up in the body, adversely affecting the skin or nervous system. [1] The types that affect the nervous system are also known as acute porphyria, as symptoms are rapid in onset and short in duration. [1]
Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase deficiency porphyria (also known as Doss porphyria, [1] plumboporphyria, [1] or ADP [2]) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that results from inappropriately low levels of the enzyme delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase , which is required for normal heme synthesis.
Hereditary insufficiency of porphobilinogen synthase is called porphobilinogen synthase (or ALA dehydratase) deficiency porphyria. It is an extremely rare cause of porphyria, [13] with less than 10 cases ever reported. [14] All disease associated protein variants favor hexamer formation relative to the wild type human enzyme. [13]
Porphobilinogen (PBG) is an organic compound that occurs in living organisms as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of porphyrins, which include critical substances like hemoglobin and chlorophyll. [ 1 ]
Symptoms include liver and kidney failure and vasculitis. [10] Lyme disease* is a disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochaete, and spread by ticks of the genus Ixodes. Symptoms in dogs include acute arthritis, anorexia and lethargy. There is no rash as is typically seen in humans. [11]
HMB is generated from four molecules of porphobilinogen by the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase: [2] The enzyme uroporphyrinogen III synthase closes the chain to form uroporphyrinogen III: [2] Uroporphyrinogen III is a porphyrinogen, which is a class of compounds with the hexahydroporphine macrocycle.