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A coupling or coupler is a mechanism, typically located at each end of a rail vehicle, that connects them together to form a train. The equipment that connects the couplers to the vehicles is the draft gear or draw gear, which must absorb the stresses of the coupling and the acceleration of the train.
The diagram from Beard's 1897 coupler patent [1]. Janney couplers were first patented in 1873 by Eli H. Janney (U.S. patent 138,405). [2] [3] Andrew Jackson Beard was amongst various inventors that made a multitude of improvements to the knuckle coupler; [1] Beard's patents were U.S. patent 594,059 granted 23 November 1897, which then sold for approximately $50,000, and U.S. patent 624,901 ...
Three-link coupling on an antique tank wagon. There is no hook at the end of the chain, nor is there a turnbuckle. A peculiarly British practice was the "loose-coupled" freight train, operated by the locomotive crew and a "guard" at the rear of the train, the successor to the brakesman of earlier times.
A pneumatic buffer with sections cut away. A buffer is a part of the buffers and chain coupler system used on the railway systems of many countries, among them most of those in Europe, for attaching railway vehicles together (in North America, rolling stock instead has draft gear built into the couplers).
Type F interlocking couplers on upcoming PNR narrow-gauge flatcars. [37] Type H tightlock coupling on most PNR rolling stock starting with the 900 class. Link and pin couplers on the Hawaiian Philippine Company of Negros Island. [38] Older Manila Railroad stock also use link and pin alongside English couplers. Scharfenberg couplers on the MRT ...
More modern roadrailers did not include integrated railroad wheels, but rode on regular trucks that do double-duty, having served as articulation points between multiple trailers in a train. Each regular truck is equipped with one fifth wheel at one end and a connector plate at the other end. The connector plate slid into a female receptacle on ...
A large ballast tractor pulling a load using a drawbar General duty tow hitch from VBG on a truck and a drawbar on a trailer, showing a connected drawbar eye Rockinger drawbar coupling, in which the drawbar eye gets locked. A drawbar is a solid coupling between a hauling vehicle and its hauled load. Drawbars are in common use with rail ...
The Scharfenberg coupler [1] (German: Scharfenbergkupplung, abbreviated Schaku) is a commonly used type of fully automatic railway coupling.. Designed in 1903 by Karl Scharfenberg in Königsberg, Germany (today Kaliningrad, Russia), the coupler has gradually spread from transit trains to regular passenger service trains, although outside Europe its use is generally restricted to mass transit ...