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  2. Multiple realizability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_realizability

    In the philosophy of mind, multiple realizability is the thesis that the same mental property, state, or event can be implemented by different physical properties, states, or events. Philosophers of mind have used multiple realizability to argue that mental states are not the same as — and cannot be reduced to — physical states.

  3. List of philosophical fiction authors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_philosophical...

    The Moviegoer-An existential novel outlining Søren Kierkegaard's philosophy. Burgess, Anthony: 1917-1993 A Clockwork Orange-A discussion of the role of free will in the context of the application of behaviorism's techniques. Murdoch, Iris: 1919-1999 Lispector, Clarice: 1920-1977 The Hour of the Star; Dürrenmatt, Friedrich: 1921-1990 Lem ...

  4. List of philosophical concepts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_philosophical_concepts

    A priori and a posteriori; A series and B series; Abductive reasoning; Ability; Absolute; Absolute time and space; Abstract and concrete; Adiaphora; Aesthetic emotions

  5. Multiverse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse

    Philosophy of physics – Truths and principles of the study of matter, space, time and energy; Philosophy of space and time – Branch of philosophy relating to spatiality and temporality; Simulated reality – Concept of a false version of reality; Twin Earth thought experiment – Thought experiment proposed by Hilary Putnam

  6. Philosophical realism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_realism

    Philosophical realism—usually not treated as a position of its own but as a stance towards other subject matters— is the view that a certain kind of thing (ranging widely from abstract objects like numbers to moral statements to the physical world itself) has mind-independent existence, i.e. that it exists even in the absence of any mind perceiving it or that its existence is not just a ...

  7. Pluralism (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluralism_(philosophy)

    Metaphysical pluralism in philosophy is the multiplicity of metaphysical models of the structure and content of reality, both as it appears and as logic dictates that it might be, [3] as is exhibited by the four related models in Plato's Republic [4] and as developed in the contrast between phenomenalism and physicalism.

  8. Possible world - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possible_world

    Possible worlds are widely used as a formal device in logic, philosophy, and linguistics in order to provide a semantics for intensional and modal logic. Their metaphysical status has been a subject of controversy in philosophy , with modal realists such as David Lewis arguing that they are literally existing alternate realities, and others ...

  9. Aristotle's theory of universals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle's_theory_of...

    In Aristotle's view, universals can be instantiated multiple times. He states that one and the same universal, such as applehood, appears in every real apple. A common sense challenge would be to inquire what remains exactly the same in all these different things, since the theory is claiming that something remains the same. Stating that ...