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The history of fluid mechanics is a fundamental strand of the history of physics and engineering. The study of the movement of fluids (liquids and gases) and the forces that act upon them dates back to pre-history. The field has undergone a continuous evolution, driven by human dependence on water, meteorological conditions and internal ...
A vapor can exist in equilibrium with a liquid (or solid), in which case the gas pressure equals the vapor pressure of the liquid (or solid). A supercritical fluid (SCF) is a gas whose temperature and pressure are above the critical temperature and critical pressure respectively. In this state, the distinction between liquid and gas disappears.
Fluidization (or fluidisation) is a process similar to liquefaction whereby a granular material is converted from a static solid -like state to a dynamic fluid -like state. This process occurs when a fluid ( liquid or gas) is passed up through the granular material. When a gas flow is introduced through the bottom of a bed of solid particles ...
A supercritical fluid ( SCF) is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist, but below the pressure required to compress it into a solid. [ 1] It can effuse through porous solids like a gas, overcoming the mass transfer limitations that slow liquid transport through ...
Liquid dielectric. A liquid dielectric is a dielectric material in liquid state. Its main purpose is to prevent or rapidly quench electric discharges. Dielectric liquids are used as electrical insulators in high voltage applications, e.g. transformers, capacitors, high voltage cables, and switchgear (namely high voltage switchgear ).
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform ( flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force. [ 1] They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to them. Although the term fluid generally includes both the liquid and gas ...
Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma share many attributes with the corresponding classical elements of earth, water, air, and fire, but these states describe the similar behavior of different types of atoms at similar energy levels, not the characteristic behavior of certain atoms or substances.
The origin of water on Earth is the subject of a body of research in the fields of planetary science, astronomy, and astrobiology. Earth is unique among the rocky planets in the Solar System in having oceans of liquid water on its surface. [ 2] Liquid water, which is necessary for all known forms of life, continues to exist on the surface of ...