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Encyclopedia. An encyclopedia ( American English) or encyclopaedia ( British English) [1] is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge, either general or special, in a particular field or discipline. [2] [3] Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries that are arranged alphabetically by article name [4] or by ...
Science is a strict systematic discipline that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the world. [1] [2] Modern science is typically divided into three major branches: [3] the natural sciences (e.g., physics, chemistry, and biology), which study the physical world; the social sciences (e.g., economics, psychology, and sociology), which study ...
The formal sciences are the branches of science that are concerned with formal systems, such as logic, mathematics, theoretical computer science, information theory, systems theory, decision theory, statistics . Unlike other branches, the formal sciences are not concerned with the validity of theories based on observations in the real world ...
A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment. Such fact-supported theories are not "guesses" but reliable accounts of the real world. The theory of biological evolution is more than "just a theory".
Library science (often termed library studies and library economy) [note 1] is an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary field that applies the practices, perspectives, and tools of management, information technology, education, and other areas to libraries; the collection, organization, preservation, and dissemination of information resources; and the political economy of information.
The following outline is provided as a topical overview of science; the discipline of science is defined as both the systematic effort of acquiring knowledge through observation, experimentation and reasoning, and the body of knowledge thus acquired, the word "science" derives from the Latin word scientia meaning knowledge.
In the 20th century, Alexandre Koyré introduced the term "scientific revolution", centering his analysis on Galileo. The term was popularized by Herbert Butterfield in his Origins of Modern Science. Thomas Kuhn 's 1962 work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions emphasizes that different theoretical frameworks—such as Einstein 's theory of ...
e. The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century. The scientific method involves careful observation coupled with rigorous scepticism, because cognitive assumptions can distort the interpretation of the observation.