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End-systolic volume ( ESV) is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of contraction, or systole, and the beginning of filling, or diastole . ESV is the lowest volume of blood in the ventricle at any point in the cardiac cycle . The main factors that affect the end-systolic volume are afterload and the contractility of the heart .
Stroke volume. In cardiovascular physiology, stroke volume ( SV) is the volume of blood pumped from the ventricle per beat. Stroke volume is calculated using measurements of ventricle volumes from an echocardiogram and subtracting the volume of the blood in the ventricle at the end of a beat (called end-systolic volume [note 1]) from the volume ...
Ejection fraction. An ejection fraction ( EF) is the volumetric fraction (or portion of the total) of fluid (usually blood) ejected from a chamber (usually the heart) with each contraction (or heartbeat ). It can refer to the cardiac atrium, [ 1] ventricle, [ 2] gall bladder, [ 3] or leg veins, [ 4] although if unspecified it usually refers to ...
Modern Jewish (1853– ) Bible portal. v. t. e. The English Standard Version ( ESV) is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English. Published in 2001 by Crossway, the ESV was "created by a team of more than 100 leading evangelical scholars and pastors."
The quadratic excess E ( p) is the number of quadratic residues on the range (0, p /2) minus the number in the range ( p /2, p) (sequence A178153 in the OEIS ). For p congruent to 1 mod 4, the excess is zero, since −1 is a quadratic residue and the residues are symmetric under r ↔ p − r.
The Bruce protocol is a standardized diagnostic test used in the evaluation of cardiac function and physical fitness, developed by American cardiologist Robert A. Bruce. [ 1] According to the original Bruce protocol the patient walks on an uphill treadmill in a graded exercise test with electrodes on the chest to monitor.
The left atrial volume is commonly measured by echocardiography or magnetic resonance tomography. It is calculated from biplane recordings with the equation: where A 4 c and A 2 c denote LA areas in 4- and 2-chamber views respectively, and L corresponds to the shortest long-axis length measured in either views. [1]
End-diastolic volume. In cardiovascular physiology, end-diastolic volume ( EDV) is the volume of blood in the right or left ventricle at end of filling in diastole which is amount of blood present in ventricle at the end of diastole. [ 1] Because greater EDVs cause greater distention of the ventricle, EDV is often used synonymously with preload ...