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  2. Cryptogram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptogram

    A cryptogram is a type of puzzle that consists of a short piece of encrypted text. [1] Generally the cipher used to encrypt the text is simple enough that the cryptogram can be solved by hand. Substitution ciphers where each letter is replaced by a different letter, number, or symbol are frequently used. To solve the puzzle, one must recover ...

  3. Beale ciphers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beale_ciphers

    A pamphlet published in 1885, entitled The Beale Papers, is the source of this story.The treasure was said to have been obtained by an American named Thomas J. Beale in the early 1800s, from a mine to the north of Nuevo México (New Mexico), at that time in the Spanish province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México (an area that today would most likely be part of Colorado).

  4. Cryptography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography

    Cryptography. Cryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized: kryptós "hidden, secret"; and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία -logia, "study", respectively [1]), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. [2]

  5. List of ciphertexts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ciphertexts

    List of ciphertexts. Shugborough inscription in England. Some famous ciphertexts (or cryptograms), in chronological order by date, are: Year of origin. Ciphertext. Decipherment status. 2nd millennium BC. Phaistos Disc. Unsolved.

  6. Cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipher

    In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption —a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure. An alternative, less common term is encipherment. To encipher or encode is to convert information into cipher or code. In common parlance, "cipher" is synonymous with "code", as ...

  7. List of cryptographers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cryptographers

    Richard J. Hayes (1902–1976) Irish code breaker in World War II. Jean Argles (1925–2023), British code breaker in World War II. Arne Beurling (1905–1986), Swedish mathematician and cryptographer. Lambros D. Callimahos, US, NSA, worked with William F. Friedman, taught NSA cryptanalysts. Ann Z. Caracristi, US, SIS, solved Japanese Army ...

  8. Musical cryptogram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_cryptogram

    A musical cryptogram is a cryptogrammatic sequence of musical symbols which can be taken to refer to an extra-musical text by some 'logical' relationship, usually between note names and letters. The most common and best known examples result from composers using musically translated versions of their own or their friends' names (or initials) as ...

  9. Substitution cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher

    t. e. In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encrypting in which units of plaintext are replaced with the ciphertext, in a defined manner, with the help of a key; the "units" may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth. The receiver deciphers the text by ...