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The earthquakes are caused by slip along the thrust fault that forms the contact between the two plates. These interplate earthquakes are the planet's most powerful, with moment magnitudes (Mw) that can exceed 9.0. [1][2] Since 1900, all earthquakes of magnitude 9.0 or greater have been megathrust earthquakes. [3]
First supershear earthquake observed in an oceanic plate boundary 2015-04-24 South of Haida Gwaii: 51.62 -130.77 0 0 6.2 V 2012-11-08 West of Vancouver Island 49.23 -128.48 0 0 6.1 IV [9] 2012-10-30 Haida Gwaii: 52.37 -131.90 0 0 6.2 Aftershock of 7.8 earthquake [10] 2012-10-28 Haida Gwaii 52.67 -132.60 0 0 6.3 V Aftershock of 7.8 earthquake [11]
The 1 January 2024 mainshock was the strongest to hit the peninsula since records began in 1885. [ 14 ] The swarm began in December 2020 at depths greater than 15 km (9.3 mi) beneath the peninsula's northeast. By mid-March 2021, the earthquake swarm migrated to shallower depths above 15 km (9.3 mi).
Peak ground acceleration (PGA) is equal to the maximum ground acceleration that occurred during earthquake shaking at a location. PGA is equal to the amplitude of the largest absolute acceleration recorded on an accelerogram at a site during a particular earthquake. [1] Earthquake shaking generally occurs in all three directions.
The 1960 Valdivia earthquake and tsunami (Spanish: Terremoto de Valdivia) or the Great Chilean earthquake (Gran terremoto de Chile) on 22 May 1960 was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded. Most studies have placed it at 9.4–9.6 on the moment magnitude scale , [ 1 ] while some studies have placed the magnitude lower than 9.4.
In seismology, an isoseismal map is used to show lines of equally felt seismic intensity, generally measured on the Modified Mercalli scale. Such maps help to identify earthquake epicenters, particularly where no instrumental records exist, such as for historical earthquakes. They also contain important information on ground conditions at ...
A pie chart comparing the seismic moment release of the three largest earthquakes for the hundred-year period from 1906 to 2005 with that for all earthquakes of magnitudes <6, 6 to 7, 7 to 8, and >8 for the same period. The 2011 Japan quake would be roughly similar to Sumatra. Earthquakes of magnitude 8.0 and greater from 1900 to 2018.
The Richter scale [1] (/ ˈ r ɪ k t ər /), also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, [2] is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Richter in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg, and presented in Richter's landmark 1935 paper, where he called it the "magnitude scale". [3]