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In thermodynamics, the heat transfer coefficient or film coefficient, or film effectiveness, is the proportionality constant between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (i.e., the temperature difference, ΔT ). It is used in calculating the heat transfer, typically by convection or phase transition between a ...
Thermal conductivity and resistivity. The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct heat. It is commonly denoted by , , or and is measured in W·m −1 ·K −1. Heat transfer occurs at a lower rate in materials of low thermal conductivity than in materials of high thermal conductivity.
Let K0 is the normal conductivity at one bar (10 5 N/m 2) pressure, Ke is its conductivity at special pressure and/or length scale. Let d is a plate distance in meters, P is an air pressure in Pascals (N/m 2), T is temperature Kelvin, C is this Lasance constant 7.6 ⋅ 10 −5 m ⋅ K/N and PP is the product P ⋅ d/T.
Formulas and correlations are available in many references to calculate heat transfer coefficients for typical configurations and fluids. For laminar flows, the heat transfer coefficient is usually smaller than in turbulent flows because turbulent flows have strong mixing within the boundary layer on the heat transfer surface. [6]
In heat transfer analysis, thermal diffusivity is the thermal conductivity divided by density and specific heat capacity at constant pressure. [ 1 ] It is a measure of the rate of heat transfer inside a material. It has units of m 2 /s. Thermal diffusivity is usually denoted by lowercase alpha (α), but a, h, κ (kappa), 2 K, 3 , D, are also used.
Grashof number. In fluid mechanics (especially fluid thermodynamics), the Grashof number (Gr, after Franz Grashof [a]) is a dimensionless number which approximates the ratio of the buoyancy to viscous forces acting on a fluid. It frequently arises in the study of situations involving natural convection and is analogous to the Reynolds number (Re).
A hot, less-dense lower boundary layer sends plumes of hot material upwards, and cold material from the top moves downwards. Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy (heat) between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such ...
Thermal conduction (power) is the heat per unit time transferred some distance ℓ between the two temperatures. κ is the thermal conductivity of the material. A is the cross-sectional area of the object. ΔT is the difference in temperature from one side to the other. ℓ is the length of the path the heat has to be transferred.
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