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X-inefficiency is a concept used in economics to describe instances where firms go through internal inefficiency resulting in higher production costs than required for a given output. This inefficiency is a result of various factors such as outdated technology, inefficient production processes, poor management and lack of competition resulting ...
Harvey Leibenstein (1922 – February 28, 1994) was a Ukrainian -born American economist. One of his most important contributions to economics was the concept of X-inefficiency and the critical minimum effort thesis in development economics. Concerning his critical minimum effort thesis, he claimed that the underdeveloped countries are trapped ...
Pareto efficiency is mathematically represented when there is no other strategy profile s' such that ui (s') ≥ ui (s) for every player i and uj (s') > uj (s) for some player j. In this equation s represents the strategy profile, u represents the utility or benefit, and j represents the player. [6]
List of cognitive biases. Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm and/or rationality in judgment. They are often studied in psychology, sociology and behavioral economics. [1] Although the reality of most of these biases is confirmed by reproducible research, [2][3] there are often controversies about how to classify ...
Economic efficiency. In microeconomics, economic efficiency, depending on the context, is usually one of the following two related concepts: [1] Allocative or Pareto efficiency: any changes made to assist one person would harm another. Productive efficiency: no additional output of one good can be obtained without decreasing the output of ...
In neoclassical economics, market failure is a situation in which the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not Pareto efficient, often leading to a net loss of economic value. [1][2][3] The first known use of the term by economists was in 1958, [4] but the concept has been traced back to the Victorian philosopher Henry Sidgwick. [5]
In microeconomic theory, productive efficiency (or production efficiency) is a situation in which the economy or an economic system (e.g., bank, hospital, industry, country) operating within the constraints of current industrial technology cannot increase production of one good without sacrificing production of another good. [ 1 ]
11 May 2001 ; 23 years ago(2001-05-11) The Spanish Wikipedia (Spanish: Wikipedia en español) is a Spanish-language edition of Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia. It has 1,979,446 articles. Started in May 2001, it reached 100,000 articles on 8 March 2006, and 1,000,000 articles on 16 May 2013. It is the 8th-largest Wikipedia as measured by ...