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  2. Global biodiversity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_biodiversity

    Global biodiversity is the measure of biodiversity on planet Earth and is defined as the total variability of life forms. More than 99 percent of all species [1] that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. [2][3] Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 2 million to 1 trillion, but most estimates are around 11 ...

  3. Biodiversity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity

    Biodiversity (or biological diversity) is the variety and variability of life on Earth. It can be measured on various levels. There is for example genetic variability, species diversity, ecosystem diversity and phylogenetic diversity. [ 1 ] Diversity is not distributed evenly on Earth.

  4. Biogeography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeography

    Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. [1] Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the ...

  5. Biodiversity hotspot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity_hotspot

    A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity that is threatened by human habitation. [1] [2] Norman Myers wrote about the concept in two articles in The Environmentalist in 1988 [3] and 1990, [4] after which the concept was revised following thorough analysis by Myers and others into "Hotspots: Earth's Biologically Richest and Most Endangered ...

  6. Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Assessment_Report...

    The Global Assessment Report is a global-level assessment of changes in Earth's biodiversity that have occurred over the past 50 years. It draws an extensive picture of economic development and its effects on nature in that period. The Report is a collaborative effort by 145 authors from 50 countries, [8] produced over a three-year period and ...

  7. Biogeographic realm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeographic_realm

    Antarctic (not shown) A biogeographic realm is the broadest biogeographic division of Earth's land surface, based on distributional patterns of terrestrial organisms. They are subdivided into bioregions, which are further subdivided into ecoregions. A biogeographic realm is also known as "ecozone", although that term may also refer to ecoregions.

  8. Ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem

    e. An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction. [2]: 458 The biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Ecosystems are controlled by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, parent material which ...

  9. Ecosystem diversity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_diversity

    Ecosystem diversity addresses the combined characteristics of biotic properties (biodiversity) and abiotic properties (geodiversity). It is a variation in the ecosystems found in a region or the variation in ecosystems over the whole planet. Ecological diversity includes the variation in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

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