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The CcdA/CcdB Type II Toxin-antitoxin system is one example of the bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems that encode two proteins, one a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation (toxin) and the other its specific antidote (antitoxin). These systems preferentially guarantee growth of plasmid -carrying daughter cells in a bacterial population by ...
The primary antidote to brodifacoum poisoning is immediate administration of vitamin K 1 (dosage for humans: initially slow intravenous injections of 10–25 mg repeated at 3–6 hours until normalisation of the prothrombin time; then 10 mg orally four times daily as a "maintenance dose"). It is an extremely effective antidote, provided the ...
An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning. [ 1 ] The term ultimately derives from the Greek term φάρμακον ἀντίδοτον (pharmakon antidoton), " (medicine) given as a remedy". Antidotes for anticoagulants are sometimes referred to as reversal agents. [ 2 ]
Cyanide is a potent cytochrome c oxidase (COX, a.k.a. Complex IV) inhibitor, causing asphyxiation of cells. As such, cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia, because it interferes with the ability of cells to take or use oxygen via oxidative phosphorylation. [ 25 ]: 1475. Specifically, cyanide binds to the heme a3-CuB binuclear center ...
Strychnos toxifera, the Strychnos species which is the principal source of 'calabash curare' and its main active constituent, the alkaloid toxiferine. Curare (/ kʊˈrɑːri / or / kjʊˈrɑːri /; kuu-RAH-ree or kyuu-RAH-ree) is a common name for various alkaloid arrow poisons originating from plant extracts.
e. A blood agent is a toxic chemical agent that affects the body by being absorbed into the blood. [ 1 ] Blood agents are fast-acting, potentially lethal poisons that typically manifest at room temperature as volatile colorless gases with a faint odor. [ 1 ] They are either cyanide - or arsenic -based.
Palytoxin, PTX[3] or PLTX[4] is an intense vasoconstrictor, [1] and is considered to be one of the most poisonous non- protein substances known, second only to maitotoxin in terms of toxicity in mice. [5] Palytoxin is a polyhydroxylated and partially unsaturated compound (8 double bonds) with a long carbon chain.
Atropa belladonna, commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a toxic perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, [ 1 ] which also includes tomatoes, potatoes and aubergine (eggplant). It is native to Europe and Western Asia, including Turkey. Its distribution extends from Ireland in the west to western Ukraine ...