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Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease), is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes. It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Diabetic retinopathy affects up to 80 percent of those who have had both type 1 and type 2 diabetes for 20 years or more.
Retinopathy, or retinal vascular disease, can be broadly categorized into proliferative and non-proliferative types. Frequently, retinopathy is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease as seen in diabetes or hypertension. [3] Diabetes is the most common cause of retinopathy in the U.S. as of 2008. [4] Diabetic retinopathy is the leading ...
Cotton wool spots are typically a sign of another disease state, most common of which is diabetic retinopathy. [2] The irregularly shaped white patches are a result of ischemia , or reduced blood flow and oxygen, in the retinal nerve fiber layer , which is located in the distribution of the capillaries of the superficial layer of the retina. [ 2 ]
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR, pronounced as fever) is a genetic disorder affecting the growth and development of blood vessels in the retina of the eye. This disease can lead to visual impairment and sometimes complete blindness in one or both eyes. FEVR is characterized by incomplete vascularization of the peripheral retina.
As a progressive, chronic condition, signs and symptoms of Fuchs dystrophy gradually progress over decades of life, starting in middle age. Early symptoms include blurry vision upon wakening which improves during the morning, [2] as fluid retained in the cornea is unable to evaporate through the surface of the eye when the lids are closed overnight.
Macular telangiectasia type 2 is commonly under-diagnosed. The findings may appear very similar to diabetic retinopathy, and many cases have been incorrectly ascribed to diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration. Recognition of this condition can save an affected patient from unnecessarily undergoing extensive medical testing and ...
Wolfram syndrome. Wolfram syndrome, also called DIDMOAD (d iabetes i nsipidus, d iabetes m ellitus, o ptic a trophy, and d eafness), is a rare autosomal-recessive genetic disorder that causes childhood-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness as well as various other possible disorders including neurodegeneration.
It is usually described as a glove-stocking distribution of numbness, sensory loss, dysesthesia and nighttime pain. The pain can feel like burning, pricking sensation, achy or dull. A pins and needles sensation is common. Loss of proprioception, the sense of where a limb is in space, is affected early.