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The Philippine fault system is a major inter-related system of geological faults throughout the whole of the Philippine Archipelago, [1] primarily caused by tectonic forces compressing the Philippines into what geophysicists call the Philippine Mobile Belt. [2] Some notable Philippine faults include the Guinayangan, Masbate and Leyte faults.
The Philippine Sea plate or the Philippine plate is a tectonic plate comprising oceanic lithosphere that lies beneath the Philippine Sea, to the east of the Philippines. Most segments of the Philippines, including northern Luzon , are part of the Philippine Mobile Belt , which is geologically and tectonically separate from the Philippine Sea plate.
The Philippine Sea plate moves towards the trench obliquely. The force of this plate convergence cannot be accommodated solely by the trench itself; therefore, the activity of the trench is coupled with the strike-slip Philippine Fault Zone. [1]
Obduction zones occurs when the continental plate is pushed under the oceanic plate, but this is unusual as the relative densities of the tectonic plates favours subduction of the oceanic plate. This causes the oceanic plate to buckle and usually results in a new mid-ocean ridge forming and turning the obduction into subduction. [citation needed]
Major physiographic elements of the Philippine Mobile Belt Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park marker describing the geologic history of the Philippines. In the geology of the Philippines, the Philippine Mobile Belt is a complex portion of the tectonic boundary between the Eurasian plate and the Philippine Sea plate, comprising most of the country of the Philippines.
On Luzon, the fault zone splays out into a number of different faults, including the Digdig Fault. One of the largest historical earthquake on the fault zone was the 1990 Luzon M s 7.8 event that left nearly 2,000 people dead or missing. The same part of the fault zone is thought to have ruptured in the 1645 Luzon earthquake. [7]
The Marikina Valley fault system, also known as the Valley fault system (VFS), is a dominantly right-lateral strike-slip fault system in Luzon, Philippines. [2] It extends from Doña Remedios Trinidad, Bulacan in the north, running through the provinces of Rizal, the Metro Manila cities of Quezon, Marikina, Pasig, Taguig and Muntinlupa, and the provinces of Cavite and Laguna, before ending in ...
Notably, on July 24, 2021, the fault was responsible for the Calatagan earthquake, which registered a magnitude of 6.6. The region's tectonic dynamics, marked by the lateral motion along this fault, contribute to the occurrence of significant seismic events such as the mentioned earthquake. [2] [3]