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Thus, for example, fats and ethanol have the greatest amount of food energy per unit mass, 37 and 29 kJ/g (9 and 7 kcal/g), respectively. Proteins and most carbohydrates have about 17 kJ/g (4 kcal/g), though there are differences between different kinds.
Macronutrients are defined as a class of chemical compounds which humans consume in relatively large quantities compared to vitamins and minerals which provide humans with energy. Fat has a food energy content of 38 kilojoules per gram (9 kilocalories per gram) proteins and carbohydrates 17 kJ/g (4 kcal/g). [2]
Carbohydrates and proteins provide 17 kJ approximately (4 kcal) of energy per gram, while fats provide 37 kJ (9 kcal) per gram. [8] However, the net energy derived from the macronutrients depends on such factors as absorption and digestive effort, which vary substantially from instance to instance.
The tables below include tabular lists for selected basic foods, compiled from United States Dept. of Agriculture sources.Included for each food is its weight in grams, its calories, and (also in grams,) the amount of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, fat, and saturated fat. [1]
Carbohydrate consumed in food yields 3.87 kilocalories of energy per gram for simple sugars, [20] and 3.57 to 4.12 kilocalories per gram for complex carbohydrate in most other foods. [21]
A recent study suggests that a carbohydrate-rich breakfast for men and a fat-rich breakfast for women may be best for maintaining a healthy weight, due to sex-specific metabolic differences.
The energy yield from a gram of fatty acids is approximately 9 kcal (37 kJ), much higher than the 4 kcal (17 kJ) for carbohydrates. Since the hydrocarbon portion of fatty acids is hydrophobic, these molecules can be stored in a relatively anhydrous (water-free) environment. Carbohydrates, on the other hand, are more highly hydrated.
This convenient little breakfast sandwich is a balanced choice thanks to a surprising 17 grams of protein, a moderate 6 grams of saturated fat, and zero grams of cholesterol-raising trans fats. In ...