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The obturator artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery that passes antero-inferiorly (forwards and downwards) on the lateral wall of the pelvis, to the upper part of the obturator foramen, and, escaping from the pelvic cavity through the obturator canal, it divides into an anterior branch and a posterior branch.
The obturator nerve is the primary nerve supplying this compartment. The obturator artery is the blood supply to the medial thigh. The muscles in the compartment are: gracilis; adductor longus; adductor brevis; adductor magnus; The obturator externus muscle is sometimes considered part of this group, [1] [2] [3] and sometimes excluded. [4]
The acetabular branch of the obturator artery supplies the acetabulum through the acetabular notch. The pubic branches supply the pelvic surface of the acetabulum. Deep branches of the superior gluteal artery supply the superior region and the inferior gluteal artery supplies the postero-inferior region. [7]
Oxygen-poor blood enters the right side of the heart through two large veins. Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs enters through the pulmonary veins on the left side of the heart into the aorta and then reaches the rest of the body. The capillaries are responsible for allowing the blood to receive oxygen through tiny air sacs in the lungs.
The obturator vein begins in the upper portion of the adductor region of the thigh and enters the pelvis through the upper part of the obturator foramen, in the obturator canal. It runs backward and upward on the lateral wall of the pelvis below the obturator artery , and then passes between the ureter and the internal iliac artery , to end in ...
Here it enters the thigh, through the obturator canal, and divides into an anterior and a posterior branch, which are separated at first by some of the fibers of the obturator externus, and lower down by the adductor brevis. [2] An accessory obturator nerve may be present in approximately 8% to 29% of the general population. [3]
The ligament becomes taut when the thigh is both flexed and either adducted or laterally/externally rotated. The ligament is usually too weak to actually function as a ligament [4] past childhood; [5] excessive movement at the hip joint is instead primarily limited by the three capsular ligament of the hip joint. [4]
At an evolutionary level, this stabilization of oxygen levels, which also results in a more constant carbon dioxide concentration and pH, was important to manage oxygen flow in air-vs.-water breathing, sleep, and to maintain an ideal pH for protein structure, since fluctuations in pH can denature a cell's enzymes.