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Illustration of specimen YPM 1871E, the horn cores that were erroneously attributed to Bison alticornis, the first named specimen of Triceratops. The first named fossil specimen now attributed to Triceratops is a pair of brow horns attached to a skull roof that were found by George Lyman Cannon near Denver, Colorado, in the spring of 1887. [3]
The clade Ceratopsidae was in 1998 defined by Paul Sereno as the group including the last common ancestor of Pachyrhinosaurus and Triceratops; and all its descendants. [17] In 2004, it was by Peter Dodson defined to include Triceratops , Centrosaurus , and all descendants of their most recent common ancestor. [ 18 ]
Ceratopsia or Ceratopia (/ ˌ s ɛr ə ˈ t ɒ p s i ə / or / ˌ s ɛr ə ˈ t oʊ p i ə /; Greek: "horned faces") is a group of herbivorous, beaked dinosaurs that thrived in what are now North America, Asia and Europe, during the Cretaceous Period, although ancestral forms lived earlier, in the Late Jurassic of Asia.
The lokiceratops had at least 12 smaller horns coming from its head, and perhaps even 14, whereas another similar looking dinosaur, the medusaceratops, only had 10, he said.
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Lokiceratops had two curving horns more than 16 inches (40 cm) long above its eyes, small horns on its cheeks, and blades and spikes along its extended head shield. Dinosaur from Montana had horns ...
It is also possible they were a factor in sexual display and species recognition. One of the basalmost members of this group is Psittacosaurus, which is one of the most species-rich dinosaur genera from Asia. Ceratopsians later evolved into very large quadrupeds with elaborate facial horns such as Triceratops, Styracosaurus, and Centrosaurus.
The horns above the eyes were forward-curving and have been estimated at 80 cm (2.6 ft) long. The lower base of these horns was narrow and vertically directed, which with Triceratops is a juvenile trait. Three bite marks can be observed above the eye, near the base of the left horn, which were interpreted as traces of scavenging.