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Triceratops (/ t r aɪ ˈ s ɛr ə t ɒ p s / try-SERR-ə-tops; [1] lit. ' three-horned face ') is a genus of chasmosaurine ceratopsian dinosaur that lived during the late Maastrichtian age of the Late Cretaceous period, about 68 to 66 million years ago in what is now western North America.
Ceratopsia or Ceratopia (/ ˌ s ɛr ə ˈ t ɒ p s i ə / or / ˌ s ɛr ə ˈ t oʊ p i ə /; Greek: "horned faces") is a group of herbivorous, beaked dinosaurs that thrived in what are now North America, Europe, and Asia, during the Cretaceous Period, although ancestral forms lived earlier, in the Jurassic.
The clade Ceratopsidae was in 1998 defined by Paul Sereno as the group including the last common ancestor of Pachyrhinosaurus and Triceratops; and all its descendants. [17] In 2004, it was by Peter Dodson defined to include Triceratops , Centrosaurus , and all descendants of their most recent common ancestor. [ 18 ]
Triceratops prorsus: YPM 1822 [13] Yale Peabody Museum: Maastrichtian: Laramie Formation, Wyoming [13] Complete skull [13] The only other species of Triceratops, besides T. horridus that is universally considered to be valid [206] [215] The holotype of T. prorsus (top) compared to a specimen nicknamed "Yoshi's Trike" Triceratops serratus: YPM ...
The main characters include Littlefoot (Apatosaurus [1]), Cera (Triceratops [2]), Ducky (Saurolophus [3]), Petrie (Pteranodon [4]), Spike (Stegosaurus [5]), and in the spin-off television series and the fourteenth film, Chomper (Tyrannosaurus [citation needed]) and Ruby (Oviraptor [citation needed]). Other characters include the families of the ...
In 1966 John Ostrom postulated that the diet of late Cretaceous chasmosaurs such as Triceratops and Torosaurus fed on very resistant and fibrous materials like the fronds of cycad or palm plants. [20] By extension, all Ceratopsids had a shearing dentition and efficient, powerful jaw mechanics that allowed them to feed on tough vegetation.
This would cause sauropods and kin to fall outside traditional dinosaurs, so they re-defined Dinosauria as the last common ancestor of Triceratops horridus, Passer domesticus and Diplodocus carnegii, and all of its descendants, to ensure that sauropods and kin remain included as dinosaurs.
Cerapoda was first named by Sereno in 1986 and defined by him as "Parasaurolophus walkeri Parks, 1922, Triceratops horridus Marsh, 1889, their most recent common ancestor and all descendants". [3] A similar clade Neornithopoda was tentatively proposed by David B. Norman to unite ceratopsians with advanced ornithopods in a 1984 paper. [7]