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A Nash equilibrium is a situation where no player could gain by changing their own strategy (holding all other players' strategies fixed). [1] The idea of Nash equilibrium dates back to the time of Cournot, who in 1838 applied it to his model of competition in an oligopoly. [2]
The solutions are normally based on the concept of Nash equilibrium, and these solutions are reached by using methods listed in Solution concept. Most solutions used in non-cooperative game are refinements developed from Nash equilibrium, including the minimax mixed-strategy proved by John von Neumann. [8] [13] [20]
In this game, players are tasked with guessing an integer from 0 to 100 inclusive which they believe is closest to 2/3 of the average of all players’ guesses. A Nash equilibrium can be found by thinking through each level: Level 0: The average can be in [0, 100] Level 1: The average can be in [0, 67], which is 2/3 of the maximum average of ...
A Nash equilibrium is a strategy profile (a strategy profile specifies a strategy for every player, e.g. in the above prisoners' dilemma game (cooperate, defect) specifies that prisoner 1 plays cooperate and prisoner 2 plays defect) in which every strategy played by every agent (agent i) is a best response to every other strategy played by all the other opponents (agents j for every j≠i) .
Nash equilibria Sequential Perfect information Zero sum Move by nature; Battle of the sexes: 2 2 2 No No No No Blotto games: 2 variable variable No No Yes No Cake cutting: N, usually 2 infinite variable [1] Yes Yes Yes No Centipede game: 2 variable 1 Yes Yes No No Chicken (aka hawk-dove) 2 2 2 No No No No Coordination game: N: variable >2 No No ...
Further, it is possible for a game to have a Nash equilibrium that is resilient against coalitions less than a specified size k. CPNE is related to the theory of the core. Confusingly, the concept of a strong Nash equilibrium is unrelated to that of a weak Nash equilibrium. That is, a Nash equilibrium can be both strong and weak, either, or ...
The Nash equilibrium can be found (Raghavan 1994, p. 740) by solving the following linear program to find a vector u: Minimize: ... Real life example
A Bayesian Nash Equilibrium (BNE) is a Nash equilibrium for a Bayesian game, which is derived from the ex-ante normal form game associated with the Bayesian framework. In a traditional (non-Bayesian) game, a strategy profile is a Nash equilibrium if every player's strategy is a best response to the other players' strategies.