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Loperamide, sold under the brand name Imodium, among others, [1] is a medication of the opioid receptor agonist class used to decrease the frequency of diarrhea. [ 5 ] [ 4 ] It is often used for this purpose in irritable bowel syndrome , inflammatory bowel disease , short bowel syndrome , [ 4 ] Crohn's disease , and ulcerative colitis . [ 5 ]
By binding to μ-opioid receptors, loperamide inhibits acetylcholine release and decreases excitation of neurons in the myenteric plexus, which leads to a decrease in peristalsis. [4] Decreasing intestinal motility prolongs the transit time of food content through the digestive tract, which allows for more fluid absorption; thereby alleviating ...
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This enables loperamide to be used to the same benefit as other opioid drugs but without the CNS side effects or potential for abuse. Octreotide (somatostatin analogue) may be used in hospitalized patients to treat secretory diarrhea.
By being excluded from the CNS, drugs may act on the rest of the body without producing side-effects related to their effects on the brain or spinal cord. For example, most opioids cause sedation when given at a sufficiently high dose, but peripherally selective opioids can act on the rest of the body without entering the brain and are less ...
Loperamide is a μ-opioid receptor agonist that works in the intestines. [1] Although it is an opioid , it has no effects on the central nervous system . It reduces diarrhea by slowing the transit time of contents through the intestinal tract thereby allowing more water to be reabsorbed from the intestinal lumen .
The effects on pregnancy have not been studied in humans, but testing in guinea pigs resulted in fetal loss. [ medical citation needed ] Lubiprostone is contraindicated in people exhibiting chronic diarrhea , bowel obstruction , or diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome .
Racecadotril, also known as acetorphan, is an antidiarrheal medication which acts as a peripheral enkephalinase inhibitor. [3] Unlike other opioid medications used to treat diarrhea, which reduce intestinal motility, racecadotril has an antisecretory effect — it reduces the secretion of water and electrolytes into the intestine. [3]
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