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The first method, used in the chart below, is to count letter frequency in lemmas of a dictionary. The lemma is the word in its canonical form. The lemma is the word in its canonical form. The second method is to include all word variants when counting, such as "abstracts", "abstracted" and "abstracting" and not just the lemma of "abstract".
Even in English, the deviations from the ideal Zipf's law become more apparent as one examines large collections of texts. Analysis of a corpus of 30,000 English texts showed that only about 15% of the texts in it have a good fit to Zipf's law. Slight changes in the definition of Zipf's law can increase this percentage up to close to 50%. [45]
Wikipedia began as a complementary project for Nupedia, a free online English-language encyclopedia project whose articles were written by experts and reviewed under a formal process. [20] It was founded on March 9, 2000, under the ownership of Bomis , a web portal company.
S n is the approximation after taking n terms. Each subsequent subplot magnifies the shaded area horizontally by 10 times. (click for detail) He used the first 21 terms to compute an approximation of π correct to 11 decimal places as 3.141 592 653 59. He also improved the formula based on arctan(1) by including a correction:
James A.H. Murray, the editor of the Oxford English Dictionary (1879–1928) says Webster's unabridged edition of 1864 "acquired an international fame. It was held to be superior to every other dictionary and taken as the leading authority on the meaning of words, not only in America and England, but also throughout the Far East."
The English name Switzerland is a portmanteau of Switzer, an obsolete term for a Swiss person which was in use during the 16th to 19th centuries, and land. [28] The English adjective Swiss is a loanword from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century.
Languages of Moldova Official Romanian Minority Russian, Gagauz, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Foreign English, French Signed Romanian Sign Language Keyboard layout Romanian keyboard layout Part of a series on the Culture of Moldova History Prehistoric Balkans Dacia Principality of Moldavia Bessarabia Moldavian Democratic Republic Union with Romania Greater Romania Moldavian SSR Gagauzia conflict ...
[web 5] Traditional scholars employed the terms Vaidika and Avaidika, those who accept the Vedas as a source of authoritative knowledge and those who do not, to differentiate various Indian schools from Jainism, Buddhism and Charvaka. According to Klaus Klostermaier, the term Vaidika dharma is the earliest self-designation of Hinduism.