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In the Vedic period, Prithvi was revered as both the literal earth and a divine being embodying stability, fertility, and the nourishing foundation of all life. As Hindu traditions evolved, Prithvi came to be more commonly known as Bhumi or Bhudevi, meaning "the goddess who is the earth."
Brahman of Dvaita is a concept similar to God in major world religions. [18] Dvaita holds that the individual Self is dependent on God, but distinct. [18] Dvaita philosophy argues against the concept of a shared existence between Brahman and finite beings.
Svayam Bhagavan (Sanskrit: स्वयं भगवान्, romanized: Svayaṁ-Bhāgavan; roughly: "God Itself") is a Sanskrit concept in Hinduism, referring to the absolute representation of Bhagavan (the title "Lord" or "God") as the Supreme God in a monotheistic framework. [1]
The term bhakti, in Vedic Sanskrit literature, has a general meaning of "mutual attachment, devotion, fondness for, devotion to" such as in human relationships, most often between beloved-lover, friend-friend, king-subject, parent-child. [13]
Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Shaktism worship the Hindu deities Vishnu, Shiva, and Devi as the Supreme God respectively, or consider all Hindu deities as aspects of the same, Supreme Reality or the eternal and formless metaphysical Absolute, called Brahman in Hinduism, or, translated from Sanskrit terminology, Svayaṁ-Bhāgavan ("God Itself").
A Murti is itself not the god in Hinduism, but it is an image of god and represents emotional and religious value. [119] A literal translation of Murti as an idol is incorrect, states Jeaneane Fowler when the idol is understood as superstitious end in itself. [ 119 ]
Instead, they suggest God should be kept in mind constantly to simultaneously achieve dharma and moksha, so constantly that one comes to feel one cannot live without God's loving presence. This school emphasized love and adoration of God as the path to "moksha" (salvation and release), rather than works and knowledge.
From her first appearance as a goddess during the epic period (400 BCE – 400 CE), Parvati is primarily depicted as the consort of the god Shiva. [10] According to the Puranas , Parvati is the reincarnation of Sati , Shiva's first wife, who relinquished her body to sever familial ties with her father, Daksha after he had insulted Shiva. [ 11 ]