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Lead white is a thick, opaque, and heavy white pigment composed primarily of basic lead carbonate, 2PbCO 3 ·Pb(OH) 2, with a crystalline molecular structure. [1]: 67 [2]: 43 It was the most widely produced and used white pigment in different parts of the world from antiquity until the nineteenth century, when it was displaced by zinc white and later by titanium white.
Lead white oil paints are still produced and in use by artists who prefer their unique handling, mixing, and structural qualities. Lead white has also shown to have extended longevity compared to zinc and titanium, which will crack much earlier. [44] Flake white has various drawbacks, including a tendency to become transparent over time.
Chrome yellow or crocoite (PY34): lead chromate (PbCrO 4). Cobalt pigments. Aureolin or cobalt yellow (PY40): potassium cobaltinitrite (K 3 Co(NO 2) 6). Iron pigments. Yellow ochre (PY43): a naturally occurring clay of monohydrated ferric oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ·H 2 O). Lead pigments. Naples yellow (PY41). Lead-tin-yellow: PbSnO 4 or Pb(Sn,Si)O 3 ...
Oils with an iodine number greater than 130 are considered drying, those with an iodine number of 115–130 are semi-drying, and those with an iodine number of less than 115 are non-drying. Linseed oil, the most prevalent vehicle for artists' oil paints, is a drying oil. When exposed to air, oils do not undergo an evaporation process like water ...
Zinc white has a cooler hue than lead white, which tends to have a yellowish cast. [1]: 172 Zinc white generally needs to be mixed with greater quantities of oil than lead white in order to create a spreadable oil paint, which reduces its hiding power; on their own, lead and zinc white refract light more or less equally.
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