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Sickle Cell anemia is a disease caused by a point mutation. The sequence altered by the mutation eliminates the recognition site for the restriction endonuclease MstII that recognizes the nucleotide sequence. [27] tRNA splicing endonuclease mutations cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia.
A ubiquitous task in cells is the removal of Okazaki fragment RNA primers from replication. Most such primers are excised from newly synthesized lagging strand DNA by endonucleases of the family RNase H. In eukaryotes and in archaea, the flap endonuclease FEN1 also participates in the processing of Okazaki fragments. [5]
The non-specific DNA cleavage domain from the end of the FokI endonuclease can be used to construct hybrid nucleases that are active in a yeast assay. [6] [7] These reagents are also active in plant cells [8] [9] and in animal cells.
A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or restrictase is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites. [1] [2] [3] Restriction enzymes are one class of the broader endonuclease group of enzymes.
Neisseria meningitidis has multiple type II restriction endonuclease systems that are employed in natural genetic transformation. Natural genetic transformation is a process by which a recipient bacterial cell can take up DNA from a neighboring donor bacterial cell and integrate this DNA into its genome by recombination.
APE1 exhibits robust AP-endonuclease activity, which accounts for >95% of the total cellular activity, and APE1 is considered to be the major AP endonuclease in human cells. [4] Human AP endonuclease (APE1), like most AP endonucleases, is of class II and requires an Mg 2+ in its active site in order to carry out its role in base excision repair ...
Endonuclease G, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENDOG gene. [5] [6] This protein primarily participates in caspase-independent apoptosis via DNA degradation when translocating from the mitochondrion to nucleus under oxidative stress. [7]
The protein caspase DNase is an endonuclease involved in the cell apoptotic process that facilitates the DNA breakup. [26] Cell apoptotic death is a process executed by cysteine proteases [ 27 ] that allows the animals to keep their homeostasis , also regulated by other mechanisms such as the growth and cell differentiation.