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The term candlepower was originally defined in the United Kingdom, by the Metropolitan Gas Act 1860, as the light produced by a pure spermaceti candle that weighs 1 ⁄ 6 pound (76 grams) and burns at a rate of 120 grains per hour (7.8 grams per hour).
1988: One AAA cell battery (Maglite Solitaire) Mag Instrument's key chain flashlight. 2006: Maglite LED Flashlight and Upgrade Module: 3-watt Luxeon III LED from Lumileds. [2] 2006: Mini Maglite LED 2AA. 2008: MagCharger: Upgraded Nickel/Metal Hydride battery pack increases charge time and second generation Halogen bulb increases light output.
For example, a 100-watt, 1000 hour, 120-volt lamp will produce about 17.1 lumens per watt. A similar lamp designed for 230 V would produce only around 12.8 lumens per watt, and one designed for 30 volts (train lighting) would produce as much as 19.8 lumens per watt. [76] Lower voltage lamps have a thicker filament, for the same power rating.
Fluorescent lamps in various embodiments. Since their introduction as a commercial product in 1939, many different types of fluorescent lamp have been introduced. Systematic nomenclature identifies mass-market lamps as to overall shape, power rating, length, color, and other electrical and illuminating characteristics.
The luminous efficacy of a typical CFL is 50–70 lumens per watt (lm/W) and that of a typical incandescent lamp is 10–17 lm/W. [38] Compared to a theoretical 100%-efficient lamp ( 680 lm/W ), CFL lamps have lighting efficiency ranges of 7–10%, [ 39 ] versus 1.5–2.5% [ 40 ] for incandescents.
Luminous flux (in lumens) is a measure of the total amount of light a lamp puts out. The luminous intensity (in candelas) is a measure of how bright the beam in a particular direction is. If a lamp has a 1 lumen bulb and the optics of the lamp are set up to focus the light evenly into a 1 steradian beam, then the beam would have a luminous ...
lux (= lumen per square metre) lx (= lm/m 2) L −2 ⋅J: Luminous flux incident on a surface Luminous exitance, luminous emittance M v: lumen per square metre lm/m 2: L −2 ⋅J: Luminous flux emitted from a surface Luminous exposure: H v: lux second: lx⋅s L −2 ⋅T⋅J: Time-integrated illuminance Luminous energy density ω v: lumen ...
By comparison, a 60-watt household incandescent lamp will produce about 900 lumens. The luminous efficacy or lumens produced per watt of input of flashlight bulbs varies over the approximate range of 8 to 22 lumens/watt, depending on the size of the bulb and the fill gas, with halogen-filled 12-volt lamps having the highest efficiency.