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The First Epistle of John stands out from the others due to its form, but they're united by language, style, contents, themes, and worldview. [9] The Second and Third Epistles of John are composed as regular greco-roman letters, with greetings and endings, while the First Epistle of John lacks such characteristic markings and instead resembles a sermon or an exhoratory speech.
Johannine literature is the collection of New Testament works that are traditionally attributed to John the Apostle, John the Evangelist, or to the Johannine community. [1] They are usually dated to the period c. AD 60–110 , with a minority of scholars, including Anglican bishop John Robinson , offering the earliest of these datings.
The end part of the Second Epistle of Peter (3:16–18) and the beginning of the First Epistle of John (1:1–2:9) on the same page of Codex Alexandrinus (AD 400–440) 1 John 4:11-12, 14–17 in Papyrus 9 (P. Oxy. 402; 3rd century) The earliest written versions of the epistle have been lost; some of the earliest surviving manuscripts include ...
The first supposed witness to Johannine theology among the Fathers of the Church is in Ignatius of Antioch, whose Letter to the Philippians some claim references John 3:8 [13] and alludes to John 10:7-9 [14] and John 14:6, [15] but none of these are direct quotations or contain information exclusive to John.
The language of this epistle is remarkably similar to 3 John. It is therefore suggested by a few that a single author composed both of these letters. The traditional view contends that all the letters are by the hand of John the Apostle, and the linguistic structure, special vocabulary, and polemical issues all lend toward this theory. [3]
Finally, the Gospel of John was written, portraying Jesus as the incarnation of the divine Word, who primarily taught about himself as a savior. All four gospels originally circulated anonymously, and they were attributed to Mark, Matthew, Luke, and John in the 2nd century. Various authors wrote further epistles and the Apocalypse of John. [14]
First Epistle of John in Codex Alexandrinus, 5th century. By the end of the 20th century, the theological importance of the Holy Spirit in Johannine literature had been accepted by New Testament scholars, overshadowing the early 20th-century views that minimized its role in the writings of John.
The Gospel of John, the three Johannine epistles, and the Book of Revelation, exhibit marked similarities, although more so between the gospel and the epistles (especially the gospel and 1 John) than between those and Revelation. [112] Most scholars therefore treat the five as a single corpus of Johannine literature, albeit not from the same ...