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TPI (twists per inch or turns per inch) is a term used in the textile industry. It measures how much twist a yarn has, [ 1 ] and can be calculated by counting the number of twists in an inch of yarn.
The pitch P is the distance between thread peaks. For UTS threads, which are single-start threads, it is equal to the lead, the axial distance that the screw advances during a 360° rotation. UTS threads do not usually use the pitch parameter; instead a parameter known as threads per inch (TPI) is used, which is the reciprocal of the pitch.
When the inch is used as the unit of measurement for pitch, TPI is the reciprocal of pitch and vice versa. For example, a 1 ⁄ 4-20 thread has 20 TPI, which means that its pitch is 1 ⁄ 20 inch (0.050 in or 1.27 mm). As the distance from the crest of one thread to the next, pitch can be compared to the wavelength of a wave.
The threads 11 on rod 4 have one pitch (e.g. 25 tpi, blue), while the threads 10 in the barrel 1 have another (e.g. 20 tpi, orange). A full turn of the thimble 12 rotates the nut sleeve 13 and its two threads ( 20 tpi outside and 25 tpi inside ) to move the rod 1 / 20 - 1 / 25 = 0.01 in (0.25 mm) relative to the barrel.
The major minus pitch technique also works for inch-based threads, but you must first calculate the pitch by converting the fraction of threads-per-inch (TPI) into a decimal. For example, a screw with a pitch of 1/20 in (20 threads per inch) has a pitch of 0.050 in and a 1 ⁄ 13 in pitch (13 threads per inch) has a pitch of 0.077 in.
The Unified thread angle is 60° and has flattened crests (Whitworth crests are rounded). From 1 ⁄ 4 in up to 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in, thread pitch is the same in both systems except that the thread pitch for the 1 ⁄ 2 in bolt is 12 threads per inch (tpi) in BSW versus 13 tpi in the UNC.
The #6-32 UNC is a UTS screw specifying a major thread diameter of #6 which is defined as 0.1380 inches (3.51 mm); and 32 tpi (threads per inch) which equates to a thread pitch of 0.031250 inches (0.7938 mm). The optional UNC specification indicates the standard coarse thread is used which is defined for #6 screws as 32 tpi rendering 'UNC ...
A fine adjustment screw is a screw with threads between 40 and 100 threads per inch (TPI); 0.5–0.2 mm pitch. An ultra-fine adjustment screw has 100–508 TPI (0.2–0.05 mm pitch). Even though these are non-standard threads, both ISO metric screw thread designations and UNC designations have been used to call out thread dimensions and fit .