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The early 20th century saw a surge in consumer co-ops, especially during the Great Depression, when the establishment of self-help cooperatives was advocated by figures like Upton Sinclair and supported by Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. This era underscored the resilience and adaptability of cooperatives, with many surviving to their fiftieth ...
There are also concrete proposals for the cooperative management of the common goods, such as the one by Initiative 136 in Greece. An annual general meeting of a retail co-operative in England, 2005. In the UK, co-operatives formed the Co-operative Party in the early 20th century to
Because parts of the cooperative movement were anti-capitalist but not as revolutionary as Marx (who aimed to abolish all private property), Marx and Marxists were hesitant about supporting the cooperative movement (especially consumer cooperatives) in the 19th century. The value of consumer vs. worker cooperatives continues to be debated by ...
Owen and Fourier both called themselves socialists at some point, and are typically regarded as belonging to the utopian socialist movement. Thus, they were criticized by Karl Marx for, above all, failing to recognize the fundamental role of class conflict in history, while cooperatives as a social form had a mixed reputation in early Marxist circles.
International Raiffeisen Union, dedicated to promoting the life, work and ideals of Herr Raiffeisen and his cooperative movement's ideals. "Raiffeisen, Friedrich Wilhelm" . Encyclopedia Americana. 1920. Newspaper clippings about Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
The British cooperative movement formed the Co-operative Party in the early 20th century to represent members of consumers' cooperatives in Parliament, which was the first of its kind. The Co-operative Party now has a permanent electoral pact with the Labour Party meaning someone cannot be a member if they support a party other than Labour.
Gide was a champion of the cooperative philosophy, including both agricultural and consumers' cooperatives, during the first third of the 20th century. His book, Consumers' Co-operative Societies , which was published first in French in 1904, and in English in 1921, is a classic of co-operative economics , in the tradition of Co-operative ...
The obshchina (Russian: общи́на, IPA: [ɐpˈɕːinə], literally: "commune") or mir (Russian: мир, literally: "society" (one of the meanings)) or Selskoye obshestvo (Russian: сельское общество ("Rural community", official term in the 19th and 20th century) were peasant communities, as opposed to individual farmsteads ...