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  2. List of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric...

    For the above isosceles triangle with unit sides and angle , the area ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ × base × height is calculated in two orientations. When upright, the area is sin ⁡ θ cos ⁡ θ {\displaystyle \sin \theta \cos \theta } .

  3. Exact trigonometric values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exact_trigonometric_values

    A trigonometric number is a number that can be expressed as the sine or cosine of a rational multiple of π radians. [2] Since sin ⁡ ( x ) = cos ⁡ ( x − π / 2 ) , {\displaystyle \sin(x)=\cos(x-\pi /2),} the case of a sine can be omitted from this definition.

  4. Pythagorean trigonometric identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_trigonometric...

    Similar right triangles illustrating the tangent and secant trigonometric functions Trigonometric functions and their reciprocals on the unit circle. The Pythagorean theorem applied to the blue triangle shows the identity 1 + cot 2 θ = csc 2 θ, and applied to the red triangle shows that 1 + tan 2 θ = sec 2 θ.

  5. Proofs of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofs_of_trigonometric...

    This geometric argument relies on definitions of arc length and area, which act as assumptions, so it is rather a condition imposed in construction of trigonometric functions than a provable property. [2] For the sine function, we can handle other values. If θ > π /2, then θ > 1. But sin θ ≤ 1 (because of the Pythagorean identity), so sin ...

  6. Sine and cosine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_and_cosine

    In mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions of an angle.The sine and cosine of an acute angle are defined in the context of a right triangle: for the specified angle, its sine is the ratio of the length of the side that is opposite that angle to the length of the longest side of the triangle (the hypotenuse), and the cosine is the ratio of the length of the adjacent leg to that ...

  7. Small-angle approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-angle_approximation

    [1] [2] One reason for this is that they can greatly simplify differential equations that do not need to be answered with absolute precision. There are a number of ways to demonstrate the validity of the small-angle approximations. The most direct method is to truncate the Maclaurin series for each of the trigonometric functions.

  8. Tangent half-angle formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent_half-angle_formula

    The angle between the horizontal line and the shown diagonal is ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ (a + b). This is a geometric way to prove the particular tangent half-angle formula that says tan ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ (a + b) = (sin a + sin b) / (cos a + cos b). The formulae sin ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ (a + b) and cos ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ (a + b) are the ratios of the actual distances to ...

  9. Trigonometric functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions

    Basis of trigonometry: if two right triangles have equal acute angles, they are similar, so their corresponding side lengths are proportional.. In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) [1] are real functions which relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to ratios of two side lengths.