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The Society of Professional Journalists first created its own code of ethics in 1973, which has been revised four times, most recently in 2014. [3] The SPJ code features four principles of ethical journalism: Seek Truth and Report It "Journalists should be honest, fair, and courageous in gathering, reporting, and interpreting information ...
This subset of media ethics is known as journalism's professional "code of ethics" and the "canons of journalism". [1] The basic codes and canons commonly appear in statements by professional journalism associations and individual print , broadcast , and online news organizations.
A scholarly discussion titled "Self-Regulation and the Media" by Angela J. Campbell (1999) examines media self-regulation and concludes that "Applying these five factors to digital television public interest responsibilities and privacy on the Internet, it concludes that self-regulation is not likely to be successful in these contexts." [12]
A theoretical issue peculiar to media ethics is the identity of observer and observed. The press is one of the primary guardians in a democratic society of many of the freedoms, rights and duties discussed by other fields of applied ethics. In media ethics the ethical obligations of the guardians themselves comes more strongly into the foreground.
The reporting of elections avoids complex issues or issues which are time-consuming to explain. Of course, important political issues are generally both complex and time-consuming to explain, so are avoided. Hudson blames this style of media coverage, at least partly, for trivialised elections:
The Potter Box is a model for making ethical decisions, developed by Ralph B. Potter, Jr., professor of social ethics emeritus at Harvard Divinity School. [1] It is commonly used by communication ethics scholars. According to this model, moral thinking should be a systematic process and how we come to decisions must be based in some reasoning.
Media sources may leave the implications or ramifications of a certain news event up to interpretation by the viewer. An idea that relates to this is interpretive journalism , or interpretive reporting, which requires a journalist to go beyond the basic facts related to a news event and provide a deeper analysis or coverage of an event. [ 23 ]
The CMFR Ethics Manual: A Values Approach to News Media Ethics; Limited Protection: Press Freedom and Philippine Law; Citizens’ Media Monitor: A Report on the Campaign and Elections Coverage in the Philippines 2004; Journalist Killings under the Arroyo administration 2001-2006: A Study by the Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility