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A theoretical issue peculiar to media ethics is the identity of observer and observed. The press is one of the primary guardians in a democratic society of many of the freedoms, rights and duties discussed by other fields of applied ethics. In media ethics the ethical obligations of the guardians themselves comes more strongly into the foreground.
This coalition of international and regional media associations and journalism support groups campaigns for ethics, good governance and self-regulation across all platforms of media. One of the leading voices in the U.S. for journalistic standards and ethics is the Society of Professional Journalists .
A scholarly discussion titled "Self-Regulation and the Media" by Angela J. Campbell (1999) examines media self-regulation and concludes that "Applying these five factors to digital television public interest responsibilities and privacy on the Internet, it concludes that self-regulation is not likely to be successful in these contexts." [12]
The Society of Professional Journalists first created its own code of ethics in 1973, which has been revised four times, most recently in 2014. [3] The SPJ code features four principles of ethical journalism: Seek Truth and Report It "Journalists should be honest, fair, and courageous in gathering, reporting, and interpreting information ...
An investigative journalist may spend months or years researching and preparing a report. Practitioners sometimes use the terms "watchdog reporting" or "accountability reporting". Most investigative journalism has traditionally been conducted by newspapers, wire services, and freelance journalists. With the decline in income through advertising ...
Video game journalism – the reporting and discussion of video games. Weather forecasting – application of meteorological science and technology to predict and report the state of the atmosphere for a given location. World news – news media-jargon for news from abroad, about a foreign country or a global subject. Also called "international ...
It applies for the written press as well as radio, television and Internet media. [1] Complaints about breaches of the code are handled by Pressens Faglige Utvalg. [4] The code is supplemented by the 1953 document, the Rights and Duties of the Editor (Redaktørplakaten), [5] as well as a code regarding advertising language (Tekstreklameplakaten).
The CMFR Ethics Manual: A Values Approach to News Media Ethics; Limited Protection: Press Freedom and Philippine Law; Citizens’ Media Monitor: A Report on the Campaign and Elections Coverage in the Philippines 2004; Journalist Killings under the Arroyo administration 2001-2006: A Study by the Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility