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Umayyad architecture developed in the Umayyad Caliphate between 661 and 750, primarily in its heartlands of Syria and Palestine. It drew extensively on the architecture of older Middle Eastern and Mediterranean civilizations including the Sassanian Empire and especially the Byzantine Empire , but introduced innovations in decoration and form.
Umayyad art can be attributed with starting the confluence of ‘east’ and ‘west’ art which continued throughout caliphal devoplment. [7] This viewpoint is consistently popular as they did not appear to conform to a fixed artistic binary, thereby applying a more 'holistic' approach to the study of significant Umayyad architecture. [8]
Umayyad religious architecture was the earliest expression of Islamic art on a grand scale [164] and the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus reproduced the hypostyle model at a monumental scale. [165] Moreover, the Umayyads did not come from a cultural void and were aware of their own Arabian cultural history.
The Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ, romanized: Banū Umayya, lit. 'Sons of Umayya') or Umayyads ( Arabic : الأمويون , romanized : al-Umawiyyūn ) was an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe who were the ruling family of the Caliphate between 661 and 750 and later of al-Andalus between 756 and 1031.
Qasr Amra complex, the site of the painting Alois Musil, the first Westerner who encountered the painting. [8]The painting is located in Qasr Amra (also transcribed "Quseir Amra", literally "little palace of Amra"), an Umayyad desert structure and a UNESCO World Heritage Site [9] about 85 kilometres (53 mi) east of Amman and 21 kilometres (13 mi) southwest of the Azraq Oasis in modern-day ...
During the Umayyad caliphate (r. 661-750 CE), Islamic art was still developing its own unique style. Until Islam spread further east and inherited Central and East Asian artistic motifs, architects and artists looked to the visual culture of recent neighboring empires, namely the Sassanians and the Byzantines. [ 11 ]
Although architecture in the region would decline following the movement of the capital to Iraq under the Abbasids in 750, mosques built after a revival in the late 11th century usually followed the Umayyad model, especially that of the Mosque of Damascus. Domed examples include the mosques at Sarmin (1305-6) and al-Bab (1305).
The architecture style of the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750). It was influenced by Byzantine architecture and Sasanian architecture, but included its own innovations.