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The flexor hallucis longus is situated on the fibular side of the leg. It arises from the inferior two-thirds of the posterior surface of the body of the fibula, with the exception of 2.5 cm at its lowest part; from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; from an intermuscular septum between it and the peroneus muscles, laterally, and from the fascia covering the tibialis posterior, medially.
Origin Insertion Innervation Main Action Flexor hallucis longus muscle: Inferior two-thirds of posterior surface of fibula; inferior part of interosseous membrane: Base of distal phalanx of big toe (hallux)
Origin: Flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus Anterior: semimembranosus, semitendinosus, long head of biceps femoris Medial: abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, first lumbrical Lateral: quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi, adductor hallucis, the interossei, three lumbricals and abductor digiti minimi
Extensor hallucis longus: Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane: Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux) Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle Extensor digitorum longus: Lateral condyle of tibia and superior three quarters of medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
The fibularis muscles are highly variable. Several variants are occasionally present, including the peroneus digiti minimi and the peroneus quartus. [2] The quartus is more closely associated with the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus and may send a small tendon to the fifth (or little) toe.
Its upper third is rough, for the origin of the soleus; its lower part presents a triangular surface, connected to the tibia by a strong interosseous ligament; the intervening part of the surface is covered by the fibers of origin of the flexor hallucis longus. Near the middle of this surface is the nutrient foramen, which is directed downward.
In anatomy, flexor is a muscle that contracts to perform flexion (from the Latin verb flectere, to bend), [1] a movement that decreases the angle between the bones converging at a joint. For example, one's elbow joint flexes when one brings their hand closer to the shoulder , thus decreasing the angle between the upper arm and the forearm .
Origin Insertion Innervation Main Action Fibularis longus: Head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula: Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform: Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2) Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle Fibularis brevis: Inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula