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In August, after battles in Hunan and Guangdong, the 11th and 23rd Armies of the IJA launched attacks towards Guilin and Liuzhou, respectively. The NRA troops defending the area were mainly the remnants from the Battle of Hengyang, and therefore, only 20,000 troops were at Guilin on 1 November when the Japanese started their attack on the city.
In 1921, Guilin became one of the headquarters of the Northern Expeditionary Army led by Sun Yat-sen. [8] In 1940, Guilin City was established. [9] [10] Guilin was the provincial capital of Guangxi before 1912 and from 1936 to 1949. Guilin became one of the most important military, transport, and cultural centers of China during World War II.
The Second Battle of Guilin was fought between the invading Hunan Army, allied to the forces of Chiang Kai-shek, and the forces of the New Guangxi clique personally commanded by Li Zongren. Li was facing a second invasion by the forces of the Yunnan Army (also allied to Chiang Kai-shek) targeted at Nanning .
Operation Ichi-Go (Japanese: 一号作戦, romanized: Ichi-gō Sakusen, lit. 'Operation Number One') was a campaign of a series of major battles between the Imperial Japanese Army forces and the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China, fought from April to December 1944.
The Eighth Route Army was created from the Chinese Red Army on September 22, 1937, when the Chinese Communists and Chinese Nationalists formed the Second United Front against Japan at the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, as the Chinese theater was known in World War II.
Stilwell also clashed with Chiang over the question of Guilin, a city that was besieged by the Japanese. [75] Chiang wanted Guilin defended to the last man, but Stilwell claimed that Guilin was a lost cause. [51] In his diary, Stilwell wrote: "What they ought to do is to shoot the G-mo [Chiang] and Ho [General He Yingqin] and the rest of the gang."
On 24 November 1992, a Boeing 737-300 operating China Southern Airlines Flight 3943 crashed into a mountain about 24 kilometres (15 mi) form Guilin while it was approaching Qifengling Airport. The incident killed all 141 occupants of the aircraft, and was the worst plane crash to occur within Southern China .
The Second Sino-Japanese War began on 7 July 1937 with the Marco Polo Bridge incident in the Republic of China and is often regarded as the start of World War II as full-scale warfare erupted with the Battle of Shanghai, [1] and ending when the Empire of Japan surrendered to the Allies in August 1945. [2]