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The difference is immersion in boiling water for bluing. The rust then turns to black-blue Fe 3 O 4. Many older browning and bluing formulas are based on corrosive solutions (necessary to cause metal to rust), and often contain cyanide or mercury salts solutions that are especially toxic to humans.
Mokume-gane (木目金) is a Japanese metalworking procedure which produces a mixed-metal laminate with distinctive layered patterns; the term is also used to refer to the resulting laminate itself. The term mokume-gane translates closely to 'wood grain metal' or 'wood eye metal' and describes the way metal takes on the appearance of natural ...
Chemical coloring of metals is the process of changing the color of metal surfaces with different chemical solutions. The chemical coloring of metals can be split into three types: electroplating – coating the metal surface with another metal using electrolysis. patination – chemically reacting the metal surface to form a colored oxide or ...
Tannic acid chemically converts the reddish iron oxides into bluish-black ferric tannate, a more stable material. [2] The second active ingredient is an organic solvent such as 2-butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, trade name butyl cellosolve) that acts as a wetting agent and provides a protective primer layer in conjunction with an ...
A standard black oxide is magnetite (Fe 3 O 4), which is more mechanically stable on the surface and provides better corrosion protection than red oxide Fe 2 O 3. Modern industrial approaches to forming black oxide include the hot and mid-temperature processes described below. Traditional methods are described in the article on bluing. They are ...
Gilding is a decorative technique for applying a very thin coating of gold over solid surfaces such as metal (most common), wood, porcelain, or stone. [1] A gilded object is also described as "gilt". Where metal is gilded, the metal below was traditionally silver in the West, to make silver-gilt (or vermeil ) objects, but gilt-bronze is ...
Ductile (non-porous) cast iron (often called "black iron") is produced by black tempering. Unlike white tempering, black tempering is done in an inert gas environment, so that the decomposing carbon does not burn off. Instead, the decomposing carbon turns into a type of graphite called "temper graphite" or "flaky graphite," increasing the ...
Japanning is most often a heavy black lacquer, almost like enamel paint. Black is common, and japanning is often synonymous with black japanning. The European technique uses varnishes that have a resin base, similar to shellac, applied in heat-dried layers which are then polished, to give a smooth glossy finish. It can also come in reds, greens ...