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The tangerine is a type of citrus fruit that is orange in color, that is considered either a variety of Citrus reticulata, the mandarin orange, or a closely related species, under the name Citrus tangerina, [1] [2] [3] or yet as a hybrid (Citrus × tangerina) of mandarin orange varieties, with some pomelo contribution.
A clementine (Citrus × clementina) is a tangor, a citrus fruit hybrid between a willowleaf mandarin orange (C. × deliciosa) and a sweet orange (C. × sinensis), [1] [2] [3] named in honor of Clément Rodier, a French missionary who first discovered and propagated the cultivar in Algeria. [4]
Helmeted guinea fowl in tall grass. Many foods were originally domesticated in West Africa, including grains like African rice, Pearl Millet, Sorghum, and Fonio; tree crops like Kola nut, used in Coca-Cola, and Oil Palm; and other globally important plant foods such as Watermelon, Tamarind, Okra, Black-eye peas, and Yams. [2]
Natural and cultivated citrus hybrids include commercially important fruit such as oranges, grapefruit, lemons, limes, and some tangerines. The multiple hybridisations have made the taxonomy of Citrus complex. [11] [12] Many Citrus species are hybrids of citron, mandarin and pomelo. [12] There are also kumquat and trifoliate orange hybrids.
While the origin of citrus fruits cannot be precisely identified, researchers believe they began to appear in Southeast Asia at least 4,000 BC. From there, they slowly spread to northern Africa, mainly through migration and trade.
The name mandarin orange is a calque of Swedish mandarin apelsin [apelsin from German Apfelsine (Apfel + Sina), meaning Chinese apple], first attested in the 18th century.The Imperial Chinese term "mandarine" was first adopted by the French for this fruit.
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Until the 1970s, most tangerines grown and eaten in the US were Dancys, and it was known as "Christmas tangerine" [13] and zipper-skin tangerine [14] Iyokan (Citrus iyo), a cross between the Dancy tangerine and another Japanese mandarin variety, the kaikoukan. [12] Bang Mot tangerine, a mandarin variety popular in Thailand.