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In chemistry, a salt or ionic compound is a chemical compound consisting of an assembly of positively charged ions and negatively charged ions , [1] which results in a compound with no net electric charge (electrically neutral). The constituent ions are held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonds.
In most cases the formula representing a formula unit will also be an empirical formula, such as calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) or sodium chloride (NaCl), but it is not always the case. For example, the ionic compounds potassium persulfate ( K 2 S 2 O 8 ), mercury(I) nitrate Hg 2 (NO 3 ) 2 , and sodium peroxide Na 2 O 2 , have empirical formulas of ...
In ionic compounds there arise characteristic distances between ion neighbours from which the spatial extension and the ionic radius of individual ions may be derived. The most common type of ionic bonding is seen in compounds of metals and nonmetals (except noble gases, which rarely form chemical compounds).
This is a list of common chemical compounds with chemical formulae and CAS numbers, indexed by formula. This complements alternative listing at list of inorganic compounds. There is no complete list of chemical compounds since by nature the list would be infinite.
For example, water is composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom: the chemical formula is H 2 O. In the case of non-stoichiometric compounds , the proportions may be reproducible with regard to their preparation, and give fixed proportions of their component elements, but proportions that are not integral [e.g., for palladium ...
For example, many chemical compounds exist in different isomeric forms, which have different enantiomeric structures but the same molecular formula. There are multiple types of ways to draw these structural formulas such as: Lewis structures , condensed formulas, skeletal formulas , Newman projections , Cyclohexane conformations , Haworth ...
A chemical formula used for a series of compounds that differ from each other by a constant unit is called a general formula. It generates a homologous series of chemical formulae. For example, alcohols may be represented by the formula C n H 2n + 1 OH (n ≥ 1), giving the homologs methanol, ethanol, propanol for 1 ≤ n ≤ 3.
Saturated aliphatic compounds are generally only sparingly soluble in ionic liquids, whereas alkenes show somewhat greater solubility, and aldehydes often completely miscible. Solubility differences can be exploited in biphasic catalysis, such as hydrogenation and hydrocarbonylation processes, allowing for relatively easy separation of products ...