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  2. Intermolecular force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermolecular_force

    The polar water molecules surround themselves around ions in water and the energy released during the process is known as hydration enthalpy. The interaction has its immense importance in justifying the stability of various ions (like Cu 2+) in water. An ion–induced dipole force consists of an ion and a non-polar molecule interacting.

  3. Non-covalent interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-covalent_interaction

    The hydrophobic effect is the desire for non-polar molecules to aggregate in aqueous solutions in order to separate from water. [22] This phenomenon leads to minimum exposed surface area of non-polar molecules to the polar water molecules (typically spherical droplets), and is commonly used in biochemistry to study protein folding and other ...

  4. Cohesion (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohesion_(chemistry)

    This charge polarization within the molecule allows it to align with adjacent molecules through strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding, rendering the bulk liquid cohesive. Van der Waals gases such as methane, however, have weak cohesion due only to van der Waals forces that operate by induced polarity in non-polar molecules.

  5. Van der Waals force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force

    In molecular physics and chemistry, the van der Waals force (sometimes van der Waals' force) is a distance-dependent interaction between atoms or molecules. Unlike ionic or covalent bonds , these attractions do not result from a chemical electronic bond ; [ 2 ] they are comparatively weak and therefore more susceptible to disturbance.

  6. London dispersion force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_dispersion_force

    Interaction energy of an argon dimer.The long-range section is due to London dispersion forces. London dispersion forces (LDF, also known as dispersion forces, London forces, instantaneous dipole–induced dipole forces, fluctuating induced dipole bonds [1] or loosely as van der Waals forces) are a type of intermolecular force acting between atoms and molecules that are normally electrically ...

  7. Chemical bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond

    Molecules that are formed primarily from non-polar covalent bonds are often immiscible in water or other polar solvents, but much more soluble in non-polar solvents such as hexane. A polar covalent bond is a covalent bond with a significant ionic character. This means that the two shared electrons are closer to one of the atoms than the other ...

  8. Chemical polarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_polarity

    Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. Molecules containing polar bonds have no molecular polarity if the bond dipoles cancel each other out by symmetry. Polar molecules interact through dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds.

  9. Pi-interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi-interaction

    These repulsive forces involve electrostatic and anion-induced polarized interactions. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] This force allows for the systems to be used as receptors and channels in supramolecular chemistry for applications in the medical (synthetic membranes, ion channels) and environmental fields (e.g. sensing, removal of ions from water).