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Acute inhalation injury may result from frequent and widespread use of household cleaning agents and industrial gases (including chlorine and ammonia).The airways and lungs receive continuous first-pass exposure to non-toxic and irritant or toxic gases via inhalation.
Heavily fertilized silage, particularly the ones produced from immature plants, generate a higher concentration of the gas within the silo. [23] Nitrogen dioxide is about 1.5 times heavier than air and during silage storage, nitrogen dioxide remains in the silage material. Improper ventilation may result in exposure during the leveling of the ...
Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic and flammable gas (flammable range: 4.3–46%). It can poison several systems in the body, although the nervous system is most affected. [citation needed] The toxicity of H 2 S is comparable with that of carbon monoxide. [55] It binds with iron in the mitochondrial cytochrome enzymes, thus preventing cellular ...
Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC 50 (median lethal concentration) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious or permanent injury), and/or exposure limits (TLV, TWA/PEL, STEL, or REL) determined by the ACGIH professional association.
Smoke inhalation is the breathing in of harmful fumes (produced as by-products of combusting substances) through the respiratory tract. [1] This can cause smoke inhalation injury (subtype of acute inhalation injury) which is damage to the respiratory tract caused by chemical and/or heat exposure, as well as possible systemic toxicity after smoke inhalation.
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. [1] Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity).
By contrast, a toxin is a poison produced naturally by an organism (e.g. plant, animal, insect). [2] The 2011 book A Textbook of Modern Toxicology states, "A toxin is a toxicant that is produced by a living organism and is not used as a synonym for toxicant—all toxins are toxicants, but not all toxicants are toxins. Toxins, whether produced ...
In 2002 in Missouri, a flex hose ruptured during unloading a train car at a chemical plant, releasing approximately 16,900 pounds (7,700 kg) of chlorine gas. 67 persons were injured. [1] In 2004 in Macdona, Texas, a freight train accident released 9,400 US gallons (36,000 L; 7,800 imp gal) of chlorine gas and other toxic chemicals. At least 40 ...