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A magic square is in the Frénicle standard form, named for Bernard Frénicle de Bessy, if the following two conditions hold: the element at position [1,1] (top left corner) is the smallest of the four corner elements; and; the element at position [1,2] (top edge, second from left) is smaller than the element in [2,1].
Decimal degrees (DD) is a notation for expressing latitude and longitude geographic coordinates as decimal fractions of a degree.DD are used in many geographic information systems (GIS), web mapping applications such as OpenStreetMap, and GPS devices.
A "standard" parameterization of the CKM matrix uses three Euler angles ( θ 12, θ 23, θ 13 ) and one CP-violating phase ( δ 13 ). [8] θ 12 is the Cabibbo angle. Couplings between quark generations j and k vanish if θ jk = 0 . Cosines and sines of the angles are denoted c jk and s jk, respectively.
The orbital period (also revolution period) is the amount of time a given astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object. In astronomy, it usually applies to planets or asteroids orbiting the Sun, moons orbiting planets, exoplanets orbiting other stars, or binary stars.
In geometry, the Hessian curve is a plane curve similar to folium of Descartes.It is named after the German mathematician Otto Hesse.This curve was suggested for application in elliptic curve cryptography, because arithmetic in this curve representation is faster and needs less memory than arithmetic in standard Weierstrass form.
In semiconductor design, standard-cell methodology is a method of designing application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) with mostly digital-logic features. Standard-cell methodology is an example of design abstraction, whereby a low-level very-large-scale integration layout is encapsulated into an abstract logic representation (such as a NAND gate).
A basic property about an absorbing Markov chain is the expected number of visits to a transient state j starting from a transient state i (before being absorbed). This can be established to be given by the (i, j) entry of so-called fundamental matrix N, obtained by summing Q k for all k (from 0 to ∞).
Unlike first-order logic, which has only one standard semantics, there are two different semantics that are commonly used for second-order logic: standard semantics and Henkin semantics. In each of these semantics, the interpretations of the first-order quantifiers and the logical connectives are the same as in first-order logic.