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A granuloma is an aggregation of macrophages (along with other cells) that forms in response to chronic inflammation. This occurs when the immune system attempts to isolate foreign substances that it is otherwise unable to eliminate. [ 1 ]
Nasal or oral inflammation with painful or painless oral ulcers or purulent or bloody nasal discharge; Lungs: Abnormal chest X-ray with nodules, infiltrates, or cavities; Kidneys: Urinary sediment with microscopic hematuria or red cell casts; Biopsy: Granulomatous inflammation within the arterial wall or in the perivascular area
A giant cell (also known as a multinucleated giant cell, or multinucleate giant cell) is a mass formed by the union of several distinct cells (usually histiocytes), often forming a granuloma. [1] Although there is typically a focus on the pathological aspects of multinucleate giant cells (MGCs), they also play many important physiological roles.
As cell death begins, the granuloma forms and cell death continues the inflammatory response is mediated by a type IV hypersensitivity reaction. [10] Some data suggests that the epithelioid morphology and associated barrier function of host macrophages associated with granulomas may prevent effective immune clearance of mycobacteria. [11]
It usually includes the formation of a foreign body granuloma. [2] Tissue encapsulation of an implant is an example, as is inflammation around a splinter. [3] Foreign body granuloma formation consists of protein adsorption, macrophages, multinucleated foreign body giant cells (macrophage fusion), fibroblasts, and angiogenesis. It has also been ...
The inflammatory process that creates these cells often leads to a foreign body granuloma. The human body goes through several steps when exposed to foreign biomaterial including acute and chronic inflammation, and formation of new tissue and a fibrous capsule along the surface of the implantation. [1]
Granuloma formation is associated with pathogens that have learned to evade the host immune system by various means like resisting phagocytosis and killing within the macrophages. Indigestibility of matter by macrophages is a common feature of granulomatous inflammation. [4]
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), also known as Bridges–Good syndrome, chronic granulomatous disorder, and Quie syndrome, [1] is a diverse group of hereditary diseases in which certain cells of the immune system have difficulty forming the reactive oxygen compounds (most importantly the superoxide radical due to defective phagocyte NADPH oxidase) used to kill certain ingested pathogens. [2]