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The cerebral peduncles (In Latin, ped-means 'foot'.) are the two stalks that attach the cerebrum to the brainstem. [1] They are structures at the front of the midbrain which arise from the ventral pons and contain the large ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts that run to and from the cerebrum from the pons.
The midbrain tegmentum is the part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. Structures included in the midbrain tegmentum include the red nucleus, reticular formation, and substantia nigra. The red nucleus is responsible for controlling basic body and limb movements.
The midbrain tegmentum is the portion of the midbrain ventral to the cerebral aqueduct, and is much larger in size than the tectum. It communicates with the cerebellum by the superior cerebellar peduncles , which enter at the caudal end, medially, on the ventral side; the cerebellar peduncles are distinctive at the level of the inferior ...
Unlike the midbrain tectum (which is a sensory structure located posteriorly), the midbrain tegmentum, which locates anteriorly, is related to a number of motor functions. Within the tegmentum, the red nucleus is in charge of motor coordination (specifically for limb movements) and the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) contains critical circuits ...
Cerebral peduncle. Crus cerebri; Mesencephalic cranial nerve nuclei. Oculomotor nucleus (III) Edinger-Westphal nucleus; Trochlear nucleus (IV) Mesencephalic duct (cerebral aqueduct, aqueduct of Sylvius)
The tectum comprises the paired structure of the superior and inferior colliculi and is the dorsal covering of the cerebral aqueduct. The inferior colliculus is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several peripheral brainstem nuclei, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex.
Ascending fibers are second-order axons projecting from the gustatory nucleus (the rostral part of the solitary nucleus] to the ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus [1] [3] (third-order neurons in turn project to the gustatory cortex).
In non-mammalian vertebrates, the homologous structure is known as the optic tectum or optic lobe. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The adjective form tectal is commonly used for both structures. In mammals, the superior colliculus forms a major component of the midbrain.