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Both Americans and Europeans have historically called Native Americans "Red Indians". The term was largely used in the 18th to 20th centuries, partially based on the color metaphors for race which colonists and settlers historically used in North America and Europe, and also to distinguish Native Americans from the Indian people of India.
Public protest of the name began in 1968, with a resolution by the National Congress of American Indians. [58] Native American groups and their supporters argue that since they view the word redskin as offensive, it is inappropriate for an NFL team to continue to use it, regardless of whether any offense is intended. [25] [59] [60]
Documents from the colonial period indicate that the use of "red" as an identifier by Native Americans for themselves emerged in the context of Indian-European diplomacy in the southeastern region of North America, before later being adopted by Europeans and becoming a generic label for all Native Americans.
Native Americans in the United States are defined by citizenship, culture, and familial relationships, not race. [120] [121] Having never defined Native American identity as racial, [120] historically, Native Americans have commonly practiced what mainstream society defines as interracial marriage, which has affected racial ideas of blood ...
Chief Seattle was the first Native American leader to sign the Point Elliot Treaty, which was an agreement between the U.S. government and the Native Americans to give the U.S. government land ...
The stereotyping of American Indians must be understood in the context of history which includes conquest, forced displacement, and organized efforts to eradicate native cultures, such as the boarding schools of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which separated young Native Americans from their families to educate and to assimilate them ...
San Diego County's San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians is one of a number of tribes in the state that are still fighting for federal acknowledgment.
The survey of Native American opinion most frequently cited by opponents of change was performed in 2004 as part of the National Annenberg Election Survey.Among other questions about election-year issues, respondents who identified themselves as Native American were asked: "The professional football team in Washington calls itself the Washington Redskins.