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Intercalated discs are complex structures that connect adjacent cardiac muscle cells. The three types of cell junction recognised as making up an intercalated disc are desmosomes, fascia adherens junctions, and gap junctions. [2] Fascia adherens are anchoring sites for actin, and connect to the closest sarcomere. [3]
T-tubules (transverse tubules) are extensions of the cell membrane that penetrate into the center of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.With membranes that contain large concentrations of ion channels, transporters, and pumps, T-tubules permit rapid transmission of the action potential into the cell, and also play an important role in regulating cellular calcium concentration.
Cellular cardiomyoplasty is a method which augments myocardial function and cardiac output by directly growing new muscle cells in the damaged myocardium (heart muscle). ). Tissue engineering, which is now being categorized as a form of regenerative medicine, can be defined as biomedical engineering to reconstruct, repair, and improve biological tis
used in mastoid surgeries to retract overlying tissues Staecke's guide and protector: used in mastoid surgeries Chisel: removing parts of bones Mastoid gouge: removing parts of mastoid bones MacEwen's cell seeker with curette: used to curette within the mastoid Lempert's curette or scoop: removing parts of the nasal septum: Killian's nasal bone ...
used to correct abnormal electrical activity of the heart like when terminating a fibrillation: Vascular stents: used to mechanically open up a coronary artery occlusion, generally due to atherosclerosis: Pacemaker: used to correct the hearts rate and rhythm
Cardiac muscle (also called heart muscle or myocardium) is one of three types of vertebrate muscle tissues, the others being skeletal muscle and smooth muscle. It is an involuntary, striated muscle that constitutes the main tissue of the wall of the heart .
The concept of biomedical engineering was developed after World War II and they even considered it as they make humans work easier as they give exact and Clear detailed reports.The invention of the first artificial heart valve was successfully implanted in 1952, the first artificial kidney was created in the 1940s, and a heart-lung machine was ...
The unusual microscopic anatomy of a muscle cell gave rise to its terminology. The cytoplasm in a muscle cell is termed the sarcoplasm; the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle cell is termed the sarcoplasmic reticulum; and the cell membrane in a muscle cell is termed the sarcolemma. [9] The sarcolemma receives and conducts stimuli.