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Hepatomegaly is enlargement of the liver. [4] It is a non-specific medical sign , having many causes, which can broadly be broken down into infection , hepatic tumours , and metabolic disorder . Often, hepatomegaly presents as an abdominal mass .
Signs and symptoms of liver masses vary from being asymptomatic to patients presenting with an abdominal mass, hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, jaundice, or some other liver dysfunction. Treatment varies and is highly specific to the type of liver tumor. [3]
Treatment of NAFLD is generally by dietary changes and exercise to bring about weight loss. [1] In those who are severely affected, liver transplantation may be an option. [1] More than 90% of heavy drinkers develop fatty liver while about 25% develop the more severe alcoholic hepatitis. [4]
Natural killer cells are the primary drivers of the initial innate response and create a cytokine environment that results in the recruitment of CD4 T-helper and CD8 cytotoxic T-cells. [63] [64] Type I interferons are the cytokines that drive the antiviral response. [64] In chronic Hepatitis B and C, natural killer cell function is impaired. [63]
The liver span is a measurement performed during physical examination to determine the size of the liver and identify possible hepatomegaly.. It is the distance between the lower border of the liver in the mid-clavicular line obtained by palpation, and the upper border of the liver in the mid-clavicular line detected by percussion (the upper border of the liver lies behind the ribs and can not ...
Cysteine is an essential amino acid that acts as the limiting amino acid for glutathione synthesis in humans. Factors that increase demand for glutathione may increase demand for cysteine, and hence methionine. Such demands have been hypothesized to increase the risk for kwashiorkor.
Treatments for heart failure include medications, an intra-aortic balloon pump, a ventricular assist device, heart valve replacements, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (if the heart failure worsens suddenly and especially if an infection was the cause), an artificial heart, or a heart transplant (from a deceased human donor, or from a pig ...
Hepatomegaly: Medical imaging: Longitudinal axis > 15.5 cm at the hepatic midline, or > 16.0 cm at the midclavicular line [14] Autopsy: Weight over upper limit of standard reference range, of 1,860 g (4.10 lb) in men [12] and 1,770 g (3.90 lb) in women. [13] Lymph nodes: Lymphadenopathy: Generally 10 mm [15] [16