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Stem-cell therapy uses stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. [1] As of 2024, the only FDA-approved therapy using stem cells is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. [2] [3] This usually takes the form of a bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, but the cells can also be derived from umbilical cord blood.
Recent approaches have used various engineering techniques to improve spinal cord injury repair. Use of biomaterials is an engineering approach to SCI treatment that can be combined with stem cell transplantation. [6] They can help deliver cells to the injured area and create an environment that fosters their growth. [6]
Examples include the injection of stem cells or progenitor cells obtained through directed differentiation (cell therapies); the induction of regeneration by biologically active molecules administered alone or as a secretion by infused cells (immunomodulation therapy); and transplantation of in vitro grown organs and tissues (tissue engineering).
There are five types of stem cells, and MSC's are multi-potent, meaning they are cells that have the ability to develop into more than one type of specialized cell. Mesenchymal stem cells were originally discovered and studied as fibroblast-colony-forming cells in guinea-pig bone marrow and spleen cells by Friedenstein in the 1970s. [8]
Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT), also called "Peripheral stem cell support", [1] is a method of replacing blood-forming stem cells.Stem cells can be destroyed through cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation, as well as any blood-related diseases, such as leukemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma and multiple myeloma. [2]
In mesenchymal stem cell therapy, most of the cells are extracted from the adult patient's bone marrow [2] [3] Mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained via a procedure called bone marrow aspiration. A needle is inserted into the back of the patients hip bone and cells are removed to be grown under controlled in vitro conditions in a lab. Over a ...
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