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Veterinarians use dexmedetomidine for similar purposes in treating cats, dogs, and horses. [10] [11] It is also used in humans to treat acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. [5] It is administered as an injection or intravenous solution or as a buccal or sublingual film. [1]
The minimum lethal dose in dogs is over 5 mg/m 2; dogs have tolerated getting ten times the standard dose. [9] [33] Signs of overdose include panting, trembling, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as increased blood levels of creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. Dogs who received atipamezole without first receiving ...
Medetomidine is a racemic mixture of two optical or stereoisomers, levomedetomidine and dexmedetomidine. [4] The latter causes the alpha 2- adrenergic agonist effects. [5] It is often used as the hydrochloride salt, medetomidine hydrochloride, a crystalline white solid that can be administered as an intravenous drug solution with sterile water.
Acute use (1–3 days) yields a potency about 1.5× stronger than that of morphine and chronic use (7 days+) yields a potency about 2.5 to 5× that of morphine. Similarly, the effect of tramadol increases after consecutive dosing due to the accumulation of its active metabolite and an increase of the oral bioavailability in chronic use.
Additionally, acepromazine is used as a vasodilator in the treatment of laminitis, where an oral dose equivalent to "mild sedation" is commonly used, although the dose used is highly dependent on the treating veterinarian. While it is shown to elicit vasodilation in the distal limb, evidence showing its efficacy at increasing perfusion in the ...
Dexmedetomidine has the trade name of Dexdomitor. It is frequently used in dogs and cats both for sedation or as a pre-anesthetic. It is licensed for use in the United states by Pfizer Animal Health. In my experience, it is rarely used as a single agent. It has potent synergistic characteristics when used with an opiod.
A vaccine-associated sarcoma (VAS) or feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS) is a type of malignant tumor found in cats (and, often, dogs and ferrets) which has been linked to certain vaccines. VAS has become a concern for veterinarians and cat owners alike and has resulted in changes in recommended vaccine protocols.
Since untreated feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is fatal in almost all cases [9] and in most countries there are no approved treatments available, GS-441524 has reportedly been sold illegally worldwide on the black market and used by pet owners to treat affected cats, although Gilead Sciences has refused to license the drug for veterinary use.