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Chattel slavery continued for a thousands years, and African slaves were still trafficked to Ottoman Iraq in the 19th-century, being a part of slavery in the Ottoman Empire. Officially, the import of slaves via the Indian Ocean slave trade of the Persian Gulf was prohibited by the Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf in January ...
White slaves where imported from the Black Sea region in the North; first via the Crimean slave trade and then by the Circassian slave trade. During the 19th-century, the slave route from Africa to Ottoman Iraq from the East coast of Africa via the Indian Ocean slave trade and the Red Sea slave trade via the Persian Gulf and by caravans over ...
In 763 a slave rebellion took place in Medina, the Medina slave rebellion, to resist the Abbasid troops under the leadership of Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah al-Nafs al-Zakiya, leader of the local black slave population; the rebellion was finally put down when the Abbasids agreed to appoint another governor to Medina. [37]
The Zanj Rebellion (Arabic: ثورة الزنج Thawrat al-Zanj / Zinj) was a major revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate, which took place from 869 until 883.Begun near the city of Basra in present-day southern Iraq and led by one Ali ibn Muhammad, the insurrection involved both enslaved and freed East Africans or Abyssinians (collectively termed "Zanj" in this case) exported in the Indian ...
The Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 2, AD 500-AD 1420. (2021). Storbritannien: Cambridge University Press. Lewis, B. (1990). Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry. Storbritannien: Oxford University Press. Willis, J. R. (2014). Slaves and Slavery in Africa: Volume One: Islam and the Ideology of Enslavement.
A slave rebellion took place in Iraq in 689-690, and a bigger and more serious slave rebellion led by a Black slave named Rabah Shirzanji in 694-695. [22] Both of these revolts had quickly failed and thereafter little is known about their history prior to the great Zanj rebellion of 869.
Some black slaves served in the military forces of North Africa. [37] [39] For example, the Zirid dynasty used black slaves imported from Sudan via Zawila. [33] In some instances, Christians in Africa would acquiesce to Muslims demands that they be provided with slaves.
Slavery features in the Mesopotamian Code of Hammurabi (c. 1750 BC), which refers to it as an established institution. [6] Slavery was widespread in the ancient world in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. [7] [8] [4] Slavery became less common throughout Europe during the Early Middle Ages but continued to