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William Playfair (22 September 1759 – 11 February 1823) was a Scottish engineer and political economist.The founder of graphical methods of statistics, [1] Playfair invented several types of diagrams: in 1786 he introduced the line, area and bar chart of economic data, and in 1801 he published what were likely the first pie chart and circle graph, used to show part-whole relations. [2]
The earliest known pie chart is generally credited to William Playfair's Statistical Breviary of 1801, in which two such graphs are used. [1] [2] [9] Playfair presented an illustration, which contained a series of pie charts.
William Playfair is usually credited with inventing the area charts as well as the line, bar, and pie charts.His book The Commercial and Political Atlas, published in 1786, contained a number of time-series graphs, including Interest of the National Debt from the Revolution and Chart of all the Imports and Exports to and from England from the Year 1700 to 1782 that are often described as the ...
William Playfair's trade-balance time-series chart, published in his Commercial and Political Atlas, 1786 John Snow's Cholera map in dot style, 1854. Famous graphics were designed by: William Playfair who produced what could be called the first line, bar, pie, and area charts.
Bar graphs can also be used for more complex comparisons of data with grouped (or "clustered") bar charts, and stacked bar charts. [5] In grouped (clustered) bar charts, for each categorical group there are two or more bars color-coded to represent a particular grouping. For example, a business owner with two stores might make a grouped bar ...
HuffPost Data. Visualization, analysis, interactive maps and real-time graphics
Ian Spence (born 1944) is a Scottish-Canadian psychologist, and Emeritus Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Toronto, known for his work on graphical perception, [1] psychometric methods [2] and the history of statistical graphics, specifically on the life and work of William Playfair.
In 1786, William Playfair, an engineer and political economist, published the first data graphs in his book The Commercial and Political Atlas. To represent the economy of 18th century England, Playfair used statistical graphs, bar charts, line graphs, area charts, and histograms.